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10 Jul 14:46

Saturday Morning Breakfast Cereal - Babies

by admin@smbc-comics.com

Hovertext: Psychologist: OOH! A significant sample size!


New comic!
Today's News:

Just over a week to get your submissions in for BAHFest. We still need a lot more to make these shows go, so please consider contributing! 

10 Jul 13:43

Dilemmas in treating self-identifying vampires

by Marc Abrahams
Jacopo.bertolotti

Why can't I also work on vampires instead of banging my head on Physics? :-(

This week’s Vampire Study of the Week is:

Do We Always Practice What We Preach? Real Vampires’ Fears of Coming out of the Coffin to Social Workers and Helping Professionals,” D.J. Williams and Emily E. Prior, Critical Social Work, vol. 16, no. 1, 2015, pp. 79-92. (Thanks to Ivan Oransky for bringing this to our attention.) The authors, at Idaho State University, the College of the Canyons, and the Center for Positive Sexuality, explain:

Nobody knows an exact number, but there are many people worldwide who self-identify as vampires (Atlanta Vampire Alliance, 2007). Despite the use of the word “vampire,” people with such alternative identities do not seem to be psychologically and socially unstable (Browning, in press; Laycock, 2009a, 2009b; Williams, 2008, 2009). Even still, it is not surprising that vampires prefer to keep these alternative identities private (i.e., stay “in the coffin”) due to fears of being misunderstood and discriminated against (Williams, 2008)….

The first author of this study has worked specifically with self-identified vampires for over five years, and both authors have considerable experience working amicably with multiple alternative communities…. Approval to conduct the study was granted through a university institutional review board (IRB). Well-established and personally known contacts, who are vampire leaders in Atlanta, Georgia, were asked to select 11 adult participants through purposive sampling. In an effort to ensure self-identities were chronic and stable, participants were included if they self-identified as vampires for several years.

Here is a photo of lead author D.J. Williams, who has worked specifically with self-identified vampires for over five years:

williams

Here are the studies to which the study alludes:

Browning, J. E. (in press). The real vampires of New Orleans and Buffalo: A research note
towards comparative ethnography. Palgrave Communications.

Laycock, J. (2009a). Vampires today: The truth about modern vampirism. Westport, CT:
Praeger.
Laycock, J. (2009b). Modern vampires: Your neighbors and spouses. Religion Dispatches (May
28, 2009). Retrieved on October 29, 2009 from: http://www.religiondispatches.org
Laycock, J. (2010). Real vampires as an identity group: Analyzing the causes and effects of an
introspective survey by the vampire community. Nova Religion, 14, 4-23.

Williams, D J (2008). Contemporary vampires and (blood-red) leisure: Should we be afraid of
the dark? Leisure/Loisir, 32, 513-539.
Williams, D J (2009). Deviant leisure: Rethinking “the good, the bad, and the ugly.” Leisure
Sciences, 31, 207-213.

10 Jul 09:46

[Working Life] Getting noticed is half the battle

by Eleftherios P. Diamandis
Jacopo.bertolotti

"I worked 16 to 17 hours a day"
Sorry, this is NOT a good advice.

Author: Eleftherios P. Diamandis
10 Jul 09:44

[Report] Mid-infrared plasmonic biosensing with graphene

by Daniel Rodrigo
Infrared spectroscopy is the technique of choice for chemical identification of biomolecules through their vibrational fingerprints. However, infrared light interacts poorly with nanometric-size molecules. We exploit the unique electro-optical properties of graphene to demonstrate a high-sensitivity tunable plasmonic biosensor for chemically specific label-free detection of protein monolayers. The plasmon resonance of nanostructured graphene is dynamically tuned to selectively probe the protein at different frequencies and extract its complex refractive index. Additionally, the extreme spatial light confinement in graphene—up to two orders of magnitude higher than in metals—produces an unprecedentedly high overlap with nanometric biomolecules, enabling superior sensitivity in the detection of their refractive index and vibrational fingerprints. The combination of tunable spectral selectivity and enhanced sensitivity of graphene opens exciting prospects for biosensing. Authors: Daniel Rodrigo, Odeta Limaj, Davide Janner, Dordaneh Etezadi, F. Javier García de Abajo, Valerio Pruneri, Hatice Altug
10 Jul 09:44

[Report] A 3D-printed, functionally graded soft robot powered by combustion

by Nicholas W. Bartlett
Roboticists have begun to design biologically inspired robots with soft or partially soft bodies, which have the potential to be more robust and adaptable, and safer for human interaction, than traditional rigid robots. However, key challenges in the design and manufacture of soft robots include the complex fabrication processes and the interfacing of soft and rigid components. We used multimaterial three-dimensional (3D) printing to manufacture a combustion-powered robot whose body transitions from a rigid core to a soft exterior. This stiffness gradient, spanning three orders of magnitude in modulus, enables reliable interfacing between rigid driving components (controller, battery, etc.) and the primarily soft body, and also enhances performance. Powered by the combustion of butane and oxygen, this robot is able to perform untethered jumping. Authors: Nicholas W. Bartlett, Michael T. Tolley, Johannes T. B. Overvelde, James C. Weaver, Bobak Mosadegh, Katia Bertoldi, George M. Whitesides, Robert J. Wood
10 Jul 08:54

Make a map poster of anywhere

by Nathan Yau
Jacopo.bertolotti

A bit expensive maybe, but not a stupid idea (yes, I like maps).

Mapfil printed map of Buffalo

Map posters are easy to come by for major cities. But if you want one for a less densely populated area of the world, you might be out of luck. Mapiful can help. Select anywhere in the world, and get a streamlined black and white poster, based on OpenStreetMap data.

After you have your location, pan and zoom to get the exact area you want, and then customize the labeling and choose between four simple themes.

Nifty.

Posters not your thing? Maybe you want map clothing.

Tags: poster

09 Jul 17:14

È finita: WikiLeaks pubblica un milione di mail di HackingTeam. Con pratica funzione di ricerca

by Paolo Attivissimo
L'articolo è stato aggiornato dopo la pubblicazione iniziale. Ultimo aggiornamento: 2015/07/11 18:50.


Wikileaks ha messo online un archivio cercabile contenente oltre un milione di mail provenienti dalla fuga di dati che ha colpito HackingTeam.

Se in questi primi giorni le indagini giornalistiche per verificare eventuali collaborazioni dell'azienda italiana con governi repressivi sono state ostacolate dalla difficoltà tecnica di scaricare i 400 gigabyte di dati trafugati o di sfogliarne online le varie parti, ora chiunque può cercare in tutta la corrispondenza di HackingTeam con un semplice clic.

Per esempio, una ricerca di “IP address” insieme a “VPS” rivela molte comunicazioni interessanti e dettagli dell'infrastruttura di sorveglianza di HackingTeam. Una ricerca per “gov.sa” rivela comunicazioni con indirizzi governativi dell'Arabia Saudita, e così via. Altre parole chiave potenzialmente interessanti sono exploit, Eric.rabe, e.rabe, leak e leaker.

Dall'archivio di mail risultano scambi anche recentissimi con i servizi di sicurezza dell'Etiopia, come questa mail del 10 giugno 2015:

David, Giancarlo,tomorrow at midnight the temporary, read-only license we gave to INSA is going to expire. Since we issued this last license. We have not received any reply from them, on any channel.I would wait and see if anything moves on their side, or do you want to anticipate action (e.g., issue a new license)?Thanks,Daniele

E si vede anche il commercio di exploit (vulnerabilità) per Adobe Flash, negoziate da HackingTeam (grazie a @mme_bathory per la segnalazione):

Vitaly ci aveva mandato due exploit gemelli(differente vulnerabilita' ma
stessi target) che aveva accorpato in un unica descrizione... abbiamo
preso uno... prendiamo l'altro?

#1,#2 (two 0days) Adobe Flash Player
versions: 9 and higher
platforms: 32- and 64-bit Windows, 64-bit OS X
price: $45k by three monthly payments

Gli chiederi semplicemente conferma che siano effettivamente due
distinte vulnerabilita' in parti diverse del codice(per evitare che
patchato uno perdiamo pure l'altro).

Senno' c'era anche l'opzione 3 (credo che 32-bit windows vada bene per
browser a 32-bit su architettura x64, da verificare nel caso):

#3 Adobe Flash Player
versions: 11.4 and higher
platforms: 32-bit Windows
payload: calc.exe is launched on Windows
price: $30k by two monthly payments

In pratica HackingTeam sta discutendo l'acquisto di vulnerabilità inedite per Adobe Flash che sono presenti in milioni di computer e invece di renderle pubbliche per consentire a tutti di essere più sicuri se le vorrebbe tenere per sé per usarle nei propri prodotti di sorveglianza. È l'equivalente di scoprire una malattia e tenere per sé la cura per farci dei soldi.

Ma non è il caso di pensare che HackingTeam sia l'unica a fare commerci loschi di questo genere. Un'altra mail di HT fa infatti quest'osservazione a proposito di ditte concorrenti:

Ribadisco l’importanza di prendere contatti: ci saranno un sacco di researchers asiatici  e non solo con exploit da vendere e *****, te l’assicuro, compra in questo modo la maggior parte degli exploits che poi, debitamente controllati e ripuliti, vengono venduti a 10 volte il prezzo originario.

[...]

I HAVE strong, incontrovertible EVIDENCE that the most famous 0-day vendors (e.g., *****, *****) do NOT create/find/research the vast majority of the numerous exploits they sell. 
According to my intelligence information I can tell you that only about ** 30% ** of the exploits in such famous 0-day vendors' commercial catalogs have been internally researched. 
That is, an amazing 70%, of the exploits actually commercially proposed by such exploits vendors are BOUGHT from THIRD PARTIES, then worked out, possibly enhanced, polished and eventually sold to their own clients with hefty profit margins.
When at the conference, I urge you to start building up as many commercial relationships with new exploits researchers and minor/still unknown exploit vendors as possible. We need external resources in order to effectively compete, and win, in the 0-day game.

Così fan tutti, insomma, e allora facciamolo anche noi. Da notare che quella che per noi utenti è un'infezione potenzialmente devastante per loro è un game: un gioco. E a furia di giocare con i virus, se li sono lasciati sfuggire.
Scritto da Paolo Attivissimo per il blog Il Disinformatico. Ripubblicabile liberamente se viene inclusa questa dicitura (dettagli). Sono ben accette le donazioni Paypal.
09 Jul 09:19

We need a measured approach to metrics

by James Wilsdon

We need a measured approach to metrics

Nature 523, 7559 (2015). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/523129a

Author: James Wilsdon

Quantitative indicators of research output can inform decisions but must be supported by robust analysis, argues James Wilsdon.

09 Jul 09:19

Match that PhD

by Deborah J. Marsh

Match that PhD

Nature 523, 7559 (2015). doi:10.1038/nj7558-247a

Authors: Deborah J. Marsh, Kirsty Foster & Carolyn D. Scott

Lab leaders discuss how to find the perfect graduate student for a research group.

08 Jul 08:49

Turning Bacteria Suspensions into Superfluids

by Héctor Matías López, Jérémie Gachelin, Carine Douarche, Harold Auradou, and Eric Clément

Author(s): Héctor Matías López, Jérémie Gachelin, Carine Douarche, Harold Auradou, and Eric Clément

Self-propelling bacteria can reduce the viscosity of a fluid to zero through a collective organization of their swimming.


[Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 028301] Published Tue Jul 07, 2015

07 Jul 08:45

Data la richiesta europea di svalutazione di π… (Douglas...



Data la richiesta europea di svalutazione di π…

(Douglas Hofstadter, Metamagical Themas, da un'idea di Harold Cooper e Scott Kim)

07 Jul 08:41

“The Replication Paradox:” Sans other fixes, replication may cause more harm than good, says new paper

by Ivan Oransky
Jacopo.bertolotti

Actually in Physics, journals are very happy to publish papers that contradict previous papers (hoping for a big discussion to open on their page and attract a lot of paying readers)

In a paper that might be filed under “careful what you wish for,” a group of psychology researchers is warning that the push to replicate more research — the focus of a lot of attention recently — won’t do enough to improve the scientific literature. And in fact, it could actually worsen some problems — […]

The post “The Replication Paradox:” Sans other fixes, replication may cause more harm than good, says new paper appeared first on Retraction Watch.

07 Jul 08:26

Solar System Questions

My country's World Cup win was exciting and all, but c'mon, what if the players wore nylon wings and COULD LITERALLY FLY?
07 Jul 08:24

Saturday Morning Breakfast Cereal - Love

by admin@smbc-comics.com

Hovertext: Your TRUE soulmate wants to watch you burn out your life in front of Netflix, eating cheesecake with a spoon.


New comic!
Today's News:

Only 13 days left to submit your BAHFest proposal! 

07 Jul 08:18

We can end poverty, but at what cost?

by Chris Blattman

Screen Shot 2015-06-29 at 11.44.48 AM

The past year has produced evidence on some of the most successful anti-poverty programs in history. “Cash, livestock, and training” seems to be a simple and scalable way to help thousands and maybe millions out of poverty. This is great news. But while we should celebrate, we should pause before pouring millions into these programs. Paternalism and high price tags could mean that the charities are helping only one person when they could be helping two, three or four.

About two weeks ago, I opened the New York Times to see a full-page ad from a private charity called FXB (at left, click to expand).

“We know how to end global poverty” read the ad:

There’s now a proven approach. The journal Science just published a study proving what works to raise people permanently out of extreme poverty. It worked. And was cost-effective, paying for itself many times over.

The ad was talking about a program that gave extremely poor people livestock, training, a cash stipend for a few months, plus some supervision and advising. Nine scholars tested the program in six different countries, with thousands of people and several charities. (The charity with the Times ad was conspicuously not among them.)

The program did work. After two years, the households who received it were consuming an extra $120 per year — consumption being the most reliable measure of poor people’s income. Three years later, these same households were consuming an extra $80 per year. Since a dollar goes farther in poor countries, this is like getting $250 more purchasing power a year. When each person in your home is earning just a dollar a day, these gains are a big deal.

Given how many aid projects don’t pass a simple cost-benefit test, this “livestock-plus” approach is clearly a huge success. As a result, it’s getting scaled up in countries around the world. Bravo to the charities that did a rigorous evaluation, especially for opening their accounting books to inspection.

Cash-plus programs are showing promise, too. I studied one, in post-war northern Uganda, that gave some of the poorest women in the world $150 cash grants plus some business training and regular supervision and advice. It too paid for itself many times over. After two years, households who got the program were consuming an extra $202 per year (about $500 in local purchasing power).

As big a victory this might be (and it is), we shouldn’t pat ourselves on our backs just yet. The benefits are largely projections, while the large costs are not. Before we scale these programs to millions, we have more work to do.

First, consider the price tag. The cheapest livestock-plus program, in India, cost $413 per household. But the most expensive, in Peru, cost more than $3,000. The average cost of the six was $1,700. The cash-plus program in Uganda I studied was cheaper, but not by much. It cost $843. (Note: all the figures I use are adjusted to the same unit, 2014 U.S. dollars).

These are big sums. Fortunately, the estimated benefits to these programs are also big: about $2,000 for the average livestock-plus program, and more than $4,000 for the Uganda cash-plus one.

But these benefits are mainly based on estimates about what will happen in the future. None of the evaluations had more than three years of data. My cash-plus study had the shortest horizon — we measured impacts just 18 months after the grants.

To believe that the benefits of the cash-plus program exceed costs, you would need to believe that the increases in consumption will go on for at least two years past the final surveys. The same goes for the livestock-plus program in India.

Personally I think it’s likely that benefits go on at least a couple of years. But the other livestock-plus programs were much more expensive, and so the break-even point far further in the future. More than 85 percent of the benefits estimated by these papers (including mine) are in the future.

Indeed, on average, the livestock-plus programs take 18 years or more to break even. If the benefits of getting a goat and training tend to disappear after a decade, then the program doesn’t pass a simple cost-benefit test.

So while it’s reasonable to say these programs pay back more than they cost (indeed, this is some of the best quality evidence on poverty in the world) we shouldn’t forget this success is an extrapolation. In terms of cost-effectiveness, these cash and livestock programs are promising but not proven.

Fortunately, I think there’s a way for these programs to break even faster. The biggest expense across all the programs was staff time. Especially for supervision. Delivering training and cows takes skilled labor, and it’s hard to cut this back. But supervision? Charities feel a lot better when they can personally help their clients along. It’s not just paternalism, but also compassion. The staff care about these men and women and do not want them to fail. So they devote almost unlimited time to helping them. At, unfortunately, great cost.

Undoubtedly that investment of time helps the client. But should it cost 50 or 60 percent of the program? Is it more valuable than the cow or the grant itself? It’s hard to believe.

We tried to test this with cash-plus program in Uganda. Supervising the women cost about $377, about half the cost of the program and 2.5 times as much as the grant itself. After the 18-month impact evaluation, the charity brought the control group into the program. This time, however, the charity randomized the supervision: Some women got the training and grants with full supervision, some with only one or two visits, and some with none at all.

We surveyed the women a month and then a year later, and found that the supervision helped the women maintain the new businesses they started, but there was virtually no effect on consumption. We have no idea whether the supervision helps another year down the road. Maybe, eventually, it pays for itself. But the simple fact is this: taking away the most expensive part of the program had little effect on benefits after a whole year.

Indeed, if we cut staff time, and just gave training and cash to the very poorest, the Uganda cash-plus program could cost $300 a person or less. The low cost livestock-plus program in India is proof it can be done. Even if the benefits dropped by half, this program would still pay for itself in one or two years. It would get far more cost-effective.

Most important, three people could be helped instead of one.

That is the message I want you to walk away with: So long as aid is scarce, compassion and paternalism could mean helping only a million people out of poverty instead of three million. As the givers of all that aid money, I think we have a responsibility to do better.

Last week, the head of one of the world’s largest refugee and crisis response organizations, the International Rescue Committee, called on humanitarian organizations to make their crisis response twice as effective by cutting costs. Every charitable leader ought to publicly echo this call, yet almost none do.

To anti-poverty organizations around the world: Take the risk of putting your entire philosophy to the test. Put supervision and staff time under the microscope. Explore whether you should be in a different business: the business of handing out cash and low-cost services to millions of poor people instead of staff-intensive services to a few cherished thousands. The answer is not clear. But the lives of millions depend on it.











06 Jul 15:47

Giant Japanese robot will fistfight America's MegaBot

by Steve Dent
Get set for a live-action version of Transformers, as the company behind giant Japanese robot Kuratas has accepted a duel challenge from upstart US challenger MegaBot. However, it'll only fight on one condition: Combat must be hand-to-hand with no gu...
06 Jul 09:21

Exit Pollon

by stark

Grecia, lunghe code ai seggi. Li hanno scambiati per bancomat.

Tsipras: “Oggi la democrazia batte la paura”. E in finale se la vedrà contro la fame.

La lettera firmata da Tsipras è arrivata a Bruxelles a tarda notte. Poi il postino è morto.

Angela Merkel: “Nessun negoziato prima del referendum”. Le piace di più quando dicono di no.

(Il salvataggio della Grecia costerebbe 3 euro a ogni cittadino. Comunque meno di quello di Alitalia)

Vendola, Grillo e Fassina in piazza ad Atene. Adesso siamo noi in debito.

Tsipras ha votato di mattina presto. Non voleva perdere l’aereo.

Varoufakis: “I creditori sono come i terroristi”. Li abbiamo armati noi.

Le teorie economiche di Varoufakis si rifanno alla teoria dei giochi. Questa è la fase “Insert coin”.

I comunisti greci invitano a votare scheda nulla. Anche da loro hanno un programma spumeggiante.

(Un eventuale “sì” implicherebbe sacrifici insostenibili e anni di sottomissione. Praticamente come un matrimonio)

Un ateniese si è lamentato del fatto che i turisti abbiano più diritti di lui. Poi è stato prontamente arrestato.

Monti: “Tsipras ha dilapidato un patrimonio di simpatia”. Meno male che c’ha i soldi.

Povia dedica una canzone alla Grecia. Va ricordato che ne dedicò una pure a Eluana.

Libero, Belpietro titola: “La Sicilia è la nostra Grecia”. E tua madre la nostra Ilio.

Renzi: “Da domani tutti intorno a un tavolo”. Nei momenti difficili tocca evocare Andreotti.

Roma, militare violenta una quindicenne. Al grido di “Prima gli italiani!”

Il colpevole sarebbe un sottufficiale di Marina. Allora è vero che i criminali arrivano via mare.

Il militare accusato dello stupro stava per partire per una missione. Non ce l’ha proprio fatta ad aspettare.

Lo stupratore di Roma è arrivato in bici. È così che Renzi in privato parla di Marino.

Sui social network molti puntano l’indice sulle responsabilità della ragazzina. “Anche lei, però, poteva evitare di andare in giro con la figa”.

(Anche Gesù girava mezzo nudo. Quindi se l’è cercata)

Interrogato il marinaio accusato di stupro. Ma lui fa l’indiano.

La ragazza ha riconosciuto i pantaloncini dell’aggressore. Oh, in qualunque situazione non possono fare a meno di notare come ti vesti.

L’accusato si difende: “La ragazza era consenziente”. È scappato perché ha paura delle relazioni stabili.

Salvini non fa sconti allo stupratore: “Ora la deve sposare”.

* * *

Hammamet, blitz armato in un resort. “Come troppo tardi?”

Attacco dell’Isis in una spiaggia piena di turisti. “Scusateci ma noi qui dobbiamo lavorare”.

I terroristi hanno aperto il fuoco contro gli ospiti di un villaggio vacanze. Si erano ribellati al dirottamento del trenino.

Decine di corpi riversi in spiaggia. La stagione sta andando alla grande.

(La Tunisia era nella lista delle mete sconsigliate. Ma i terroristi fanno sempre di testa loro)

Gli attentatori sono arrivati sulla spiaggia con un kalashnikov nell’ombrellone. “Ci serve per fare il buco”.

Un video del 2010 mostra uno dei terroristi ballare la breakdance. Io prenderei la palla al balzo per chiudere Amici.

(L’attentatore ucciso aveva fatto l’animatore turistico. Quindi le 72 vergini le aveva già avute in vita)

Operatori di Sky sulla spiaggia dell’attentato con gli slip. Sono i loro programmi in chiaro.

Alfano: “Non bisogna speculare sulla paura”. Ok, ma tu non ti girare di colpo.

Charleston, nove morti durante la lettura della Bibbia. Era la giornata “Incontri con l’autore”.

Un uomo è entrato in una chiesa e ha ucciso nove afroamericani. Che sedevano nei posti riservati ai bianchi.

L’omicida ha preso parte alla funzione religiosa prima di alzarsi e aprire il fuoco. Come nel tipico matrimonio pugliese.

La polizia fa sapere che il ricercato “è un giovane senza barba”. Il che restringe il campo a una decina di persone.

L’assassino ha risparmiato una donna dicendole “Lo racconterai a tutti”. Era Selvaggia Lucarelli.

Tra i sopravvissuti un bambino che si è finto morto. Aveva letto sul Vangelo come fare.

Dylann Roof era stato arrestato a marzo per droga e ad aprile il padre gli aveva regalato una pistola. Questa strage era per la macchina nuova.

Un cugino del killer: “È cambiato dopo che un nero gli ha rubato la ragazza”. Prima odiava solo i froci.

La lobby delle armi propone fucili in tutte le chiese. E poi vediamo chi si distrae durante la predica.

Jeb Bush cancella gli impegni nella città della strage. Festeggerà in un luogo segreto.

Torna L’Unità. Ma non trova più nessuno.

(La nuova Unità ha una veste grafica così accattivante che potrebbe anche fallire prima della Grecia)

L’Unità esordisce con una lettera di Renzi in prima pagina. È l’editoriale del nuovo direttore.

Maturità, tra i temi una traccia sul Mediterraneo. “Il candidato esponga il piano B”.

Agli studenti dello scientifico è stato chiesto di analizzare il piano tariffario di un operatore telefonico. Vale anche come stage.

Molti studenti hanno scelto il tema sulla resistenza. Specie negli istituti tecnici.

Il 15% dei maturandi ha copiato le soluzioni da internet. Segno che il Movimento 5 Stelle è in calo.

Inventato il preservativo che cambia colore se rileva malattie. “Forza amore, fammi vedere come va la gola”.

Aereo F-35 decolla con successo da un trampolino. E anche l’ingresso in acqua è stato perfetto.

Arisa posta un selfie seduta sul water. “In studio per il nuovo album”.

* * *

Autori: batduccio, cricon, luce so fusa, renudo, sirboneddu, il mago di floz, ordinary madness, akiten, pirata21, novevonbismarck, a.mazed, sisivabbe, notturnoconcertante, venividiwc, sangancillo, edo, lughino, dan11, acid rain, ‘lfoda, luca’s jokes, stark, donna felicità, milingopapa, lucagian, sofino, zip e giga.

Illustrazioni: feel-ice, here to avenge laika, mestmuttèe, abkualcosa.

03 Jul 13:20

Spatial Kramers–Kronig relations and the reflection of waves

by S. A. R. Horsley

Nature Photonics 9, 436 (2015). doi:10.1038/nphoton.2015.106

Authors: S. A. R. Horsley, M. Artoni & G. C. La Rocca

When a planar dielectric medium has a permittivity profile that is an analytic function in the upper or lower half of the complex position plane x = x′ + ix″ then the real and imaginary parts of its permittivity are related by the spatial Kramers–Kronig relations. We find that such a medium will not reflect radiation incident from one side, whatever the angle of incidence. Using the spatial Kramers–Kronig relations, one can derive a real part of a permittivity profile from some given imaginary part (or vice versa) such that the reflection is guaranteed to be zero. This result is valid for both scalar and vector wave theories and may have relevance for designing materials that efficiently absorb radiation or for the creation of a new type of anti-reflection surface.

03 Jul 13:16

Measurement of the mobility edge for 3D Anderson localization

by G. Semeghini

Nature Physics 11, 554 (2015). doi:10.1038/nphys3339

Authors: G. Semeghini, M. Landini, P. Castilho, S. Roy, G. Spagnolli, A. Trenkwalder, M. Fattori, M. Inguscio & G. Modugno

03 Jul 13:16

The truth phalanx

by Milena Wazeck
Jacopo.bertolotti

An instructive story to read.

Nature Physics 11, 518 (2015). doi:10.1038/nphys3317

Author: Milena Wazeck

The history of the fierce opposition met by Einstein's theory of relativity in the 1920s teaches us that public controversies about science are not necessarily settled by sound scientific reasoning.

03 Jul 13:15

Anthropic attitudes

by Mark Buchanan

Nature Physics 11, 520 (2015). doi:10.1038/nphys3388

Author: Mark Buchanan

03 Jul 13:14

Quantum Hamiltonian complexity: Worth the wait

by Frank Verstraete

Nature Physics 11, 524 (2015). doi:10.1038/nphys3381

Author: Frank Verstraete

Quantum many-body systems are often so complex as to be intractable. An algorithm that finds the ground state of any one-dimensional quantum system has now been devised, proving that the many-body problem is tractable for quantum spin chains.

03 Jul 08:50

Saturday Morning Breakfast Cereal - Conspiracy Theory

by admin@smbc-comics.com

Hovertext: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.


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Oh, and about that Seattle show... 

 

26 Jun 15:41

[Policy Forum] Self-correction in science at work

by Bruce Alberts
Week after week, news outlets carry word of new scientific discoveries, but the media sometimes give suspect science equal play with substantive discoveries. Careful qualifications about what is known are lost in categorical headlines. Rare instances of misconduct or instances of irreproducibility are translated into concerns that science is broken. The October 2013 Economist headline proclaimed “Trouble at the lab: Scientists like to think of science as self-correcting. To an alarming degree, it is not” (1). Yet, that article is also rich with instances of science both policing itself, which is how the problems came to The Economist's attention in the first place, and addressing discovered lapses and irreproducibility concerns. In light of such issues and efforts, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and the Annenberg Retreat at Sunnylands convened our group to examine ways to remove some of the current disincentives to high standards of integrity in science. Authors: Bruce Alberts, Ralph J. Cicerone, Stephen E. Fienberg, Alexander Kamb, Marcia McNutt, Robert M. Nerem, Randy Schekman, Richard Shiffrin, Victoria Stodden, Subra Suresh, Maria T. Zuber, Barbara Kline Pope, Kathleen Hall Jamieson
26 Jun 15:37

[In Depth] Surviving Ebola survival

by Kai Kupferschmidt
More than 16,000 people have survived the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, the biggest in history. While the virus is still spreading in parts of Guinea and Sierra Leone, some scientists are turning their attention to these survivors. Many of them report symptoms ranging from hearing loss and eye problems to fatigue and erectile dysfunction. In a joint effort, the Liberian ministry of health and the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases are investigating how many people are suffering from this "post-Ebola syndrome" and what might cause it. A similar study is going on in Guinea. Investigators also hope to find out whether there is a chance that some survivors might still transmit the virus to others. Ebola virus has been found in the semen of one survivor and the eye of another months after it had been cleared from the blood. Author: Kai Kupferschmidt
26 Jun 13:21

E hanno pure il telefonino!

by di Alessandro Gilioli

Schermata 2015-06-26 alle 12.01.04

Uno dei luoghi più comuni nella letteratura di base contro gli immigrati - le telefonate alle radio, i titoli di Libero, gli sfoghi sui social - è quel misto di stupore e di sdegno perché moltissimi tra quanti arrivano con i barconi sono muniti di telefono mobile, a volte anche di buona qualità.

La cosa è interessante perché tradisce la convinzione che il cellulare sia un oggetto se non da ricchi, quanto meno non da affamati, non da disperati; o forse addirittura un bene superfluo, uno status proprio di chi sta nella mid-class o ancor più su, come da noi negli anni Novanta.

Capisco la dispercezione, ma è appunto sbagliata.

Ogni giorno nel porto di Lomé, così come in altri centri commerciali africani, arrivano decine di migliaia di cellulari. Sono quasi tutti di produzione cinese o, in alternativa, scarti dell'Europa, vale a dire quei telefonini che noi abbiamo buttato via: molti dei quali non funzionanti, ma utili a metterne insieme uno che invece va benissimo se smontato e rimontato con i pezzi di altri.

Questo gigantesco import avviene perché in Africa (ma un po' in tutte le economie fortemente rurali e arretrate, comprese alcune asiatiche) la domanda di telefonini è enorme e dovuta all'uso decisamente diverso che se ne fa, rispetto a noi europei o americani.

Qualche tempo fa l'Economist dedicò al tema un piccolo approfondimento, avvalendosi di una ricerca fatta sul Kenya. In generale, in quei tipi di economia il cellulare è fondamentale non per chattare su Facebook o giocare a Ruzzle, ma per molte delle attività che garantiscono la sopravvivenza, in contesti dove tra l'altro la telefonia fissa è molto scarsa.

Con un cellulare, ad esempio, posso sapere dalla mia rete sociale (la vastissima "nuvola" parentale-amicale propria di quei Paesi) dove c'è erba per pascolare le capre e dove no; dove andare a recuperare l'acqua se il rigagnolo abituale si è estinto per siccità; da chi farmi prestare un mulo o un dromedario se non ce l'ho e devo fare un trasporto di legna perché la pioggia mi ha tirato giù mezza casa.

E così via: attività appunto di sopravvivenza. Così come di sopravvivenza è l'uso del cellulare per il trasferimento di denaro, uno dei punti più sottolineati dall'Economist, e sappiamo che l'arrivo o meno di soldi dai parenti emigrati è spesso decisivo per campare la famiglia intera. La stessa ricerca citata dal settimanale inglese rivela come il mantenimento del credito del telefonino sia diventato talmente importante da indurre molti a rinunciare perfino a mangiare con regolarità o ad altri consumi molto basic.

Non è uno scoop, è una cosa che chiunque abbia frequentato un po' i peggiori villaggi africani o asiatici ha visto con i suoi occhi: donne e uomini vestiti letteralmente di stracci, che dormono nella merda di capra, ma muniti di cellulare. E se la prima volta la cosa può straniare un po', basta fare tre domande per capire che non si tratta di una scelta eccentrica o consumista, ma molto pragmatica ed essenziale. Specie in villaggi dispersi in immense aree e collegati tra loro solo da sentieri da fare a piedi.

Quanto ai costi dell'hardware, anche qui si tratta solo di sapere alcune cose fondamentali, prima di indignarsi.

I cellulari in mano agli africani sono, di solito, cinesi o occidentali-rigenerati, ma ormai ci sono anche produzioni locali. Non si va certo a comprarli nei negozi in città (quelli con le vetrine), ma sulle bancarelle o attraverso le varie forme di commercio informale (il cugino dell'amico dello zio della vicina). In questo modo, si riescono a trovare device perfettamente funzionanti e a volte di marca tra i 15 e i 30 dollari. Calcolando uno guadagno medio della classe più bassa attorno ai due o tre dollari al giorno, si capisce che, con qualche sacrificio, nel giro di tre o quattro mesi quasi chiunque è in grado di acquistarne uno. Inoltre, ultimamente molte aziende che producono telefonini hanno lanciato modelli low cost (compresi alcuni smartphone) e Microsoft, ad esempio, su quei mercati propone un Nokia 215 a 29 dollari.

Ecco, quando vediamo un migrante sul barcone con il cellulare in mano, forse dovremmo sapere tutto questo. E magari anche che attraversare il deserto del Sudan e della Libia senza telefonino equivale a votarsi al suicidio sicuro: quindi se è uno strumento indispensabile per la vita quotidiana nei villaggi di fame, lo è ancora di più se da quei villaggi di fame si prova a uscire per tentare una vita altrove.

25 Jun 15:24

Judge by actions, not words

by Alessia Errico
Jacopo.bertolotti

Everybody deserve a defendant before judgement is passed.

Judge by actions, not words

Nature 522, 7557 (2015). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/522393a

Author: Alessia Errico

Sexist comments made by my former boss Tim Hunt are not an indication that he is biased against women, argues Alessia Errico.

25 Jun 15:12

A scanning cavity microscope

by Matthias Mader

Article

Fluorescence from nanoparticles enables high-resolution optical imaging, but this approach is limited to those structures that emit light. Here, the authors demonstrate a microscope that uses a cavity to enhance the measurement of the alternative optical properties of absorption and dispersion.

Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8249

Authors: Matthias Mader, Jakob Reichel, Theodor W. Hänsch, David Hunger

24 Jun 16:19

Enhanced backscatter of optical beams reflected in turbulent air

by W. Nelson
Jacopo.bertolotti

The more I look at this paper the more I hope it is a joke.

W. Nelson, J. P. Palastro, C. Wu, C. C. Davis
Optical beams propagating through air acquire phase distortions from turbulent fluctuations in the refractive index. While these distortions are usually deleterious to propagation, beams reflected in a turbulent medium can undergo a local recovery of spatial coherence and intensity enhancement ... [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 32, 1371-1378 (2015)]
24 Jun 15:58

Advice to kids: Just say no (to fainting)

by Martin Gardiner
Jacopo.bertolotti

Simple solutions are always the best!

Mass inoculation programs for school children sometimes encounter problems – with considerable numbers of children fainting. Fortunately, in 1973, a very straightforward remedial strategy was discovered by Alan Hedberg and Audrey Schlong. It was described in the journal Nursing Research.Faint_Not