海滨稚子

Crystalline porous materials are important in the development of catalytic systems with high scientific and industrial impact. Zeolites, ordered mesoporous silica, and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are three types of porous materials that can be used as heterogeneous catalysts. This review focuses on a comparison of the catalytic activities of zeolites, mesoporous silica, and MOFs. In the first part of the review, the distinctive properties of these porous materials relevant to catalysis are discussed, and the corresponding catalytic reactions are highlighted. In the second part, the catalytic behaviors of zeolites, mesoporous silica, and MOFs in four types of general organic reactions (acid, base, oxidation, and hydrogenation) are compared. The advantages and disadvantages of each porous material for catalytic reactions are summarized. Conclusions and prospects for future development of these porous materials in this field are provided in the last section. This review aims to highlight recent research advancements in zeolites, ordered mesoporous silica, and MOFs for heterogeneous catalysis, and inspire further studies in this rapidly developing field.

The similarities and differences in catalytic behavior of zeolites, mesoporous silica, and metal–organic frameworks in four types of general organic reactions (acid, base, oxidation, and hydrogenation) are discussed herein. The advantages and disadvantages of each porous material for particular catalytic reactions are highlighted. Future developments of the three types of porous materials in heterogeneous catalysis are also discussed.

Functional organic molecules/metal–organic frameworks composites can be obtained by in situ crystalline structure transformation from ZIF-L to ZIF-8-L under double solvent conditions. Interestingly, the as-prepared molecules/ZIF-8-L composites with the leaf-like morphology exhibit good fluorescence properties and size selectivity in fluorescent quenchers due to the molecular sieving effect of the well-defined microporous ZIF-8-L.

Azobenzene-containing cross-linked liquid crystal polymer films without hydrophilic groups exhibit dual-responsivity to humidity and UV light. The films realize not only a series of large and sophisticated contactless motions by utilizing moisture, including an inchworm walk, and tumbling locomotion, but also dual-mode actuation that can be applied in flexible electronics.

The pore size enlargement and structural stability have been recognized as two crucial targets, which are rarely achieved together, in the development of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Herein, we have developed a versatile modulator-induced defect-formation strategy, in the presence of monocarboxylic acid as a modulator and an insufficient amount of organic ligand, successfully realizing the controllable synthesis of hierarchically porous MOFs (HP-MOFs) with high stability and tailorable pore characters. Remarkably, the integration of high stability and large mesoporous property enables these HP-MOFs to be important porous platforms for applications involving large molecules, especially in catalysis.

Cause and defect: Pore size enlargement and structural stability are two crucial targets but hardly achieved together in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). A versatile modulator-induced defect-formation strategy has been developed to provide hierarchically porous MOFs (HP-MOFs) with high stability and tailorable pore characters, which are important porous platforms for large-molecule applications, especially in catalysis.