
Riccardo Sapienza
Shared posts
Anisotropic Optical Response of Nanostructures with Balanced Gain and Loss
Enhanced Third Harmonic Generation in Single Germanium Nanodisks Excited at the Anapole Mode
Active Nanorheology with Plasmonics
Optically Controlled Oscillators in an Engineered Bioelectric Tissue
Author(s): Harold M. McNamara, Hongkang Zhang, Christopher A. Werley, and Adam E. Cohen
Cells that are electrically active and that also produce light for easy voltage monitoring could lead to new studies of heart arrhythmias and possibly bio-computing.

[Phys. Rev. X 6, 031001] Published Fri Jul 01, 2016
Single-molecule strong coupling at room temperature in plasmonic nanocavities
Single-molecule strong coupling at room temperature in plasmonic nanocavities
Nature 535, 7610 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature17974
Authors: Rohit Chikkaraddy, Bart de Nijs, Felix Benz, Steven J. Barrow, Oren A. Scherman, Edina Rosta, Angela Demetriadou, Peter Fox, Ortwin Hess & Jeremy J. Baumberg
Photon emitters placed in an optical cavity experience an environment that changes how they are coupled to the surrounding light field. In the weak-coupling regime, the extraction of light from the emitter is enhanced. But more profound effects emerge when single-emitter strong coupling occurs: mixed states are produced that are part light, part matter, forming building blocks for quantum information systems and for ultralow-power switches and lasers. Such cavity quantum electrodynamics has until now been the preserve of low temperatures and complicated fabrication methods, compromising its use. Here, by scaling the cavity volume to less than 40 cubic nanometres and using host–guest chemistry to align one to ten protectively isolated methylene-blue molecules, we reach the strong-coupling regime at room temperature and in ambient conditions. Dispersion curves from more than 50 such plasmonic nanocavities display characteristic light–matter mixing, with Rabi frequencies of 300 millielectronvolts for ten methylene-blue molecules, decreasing to 90 millielectronvolts for single molecules—matching quantitative models. Statistical analysis of vibrational spectroscopy time series and dark-field scattering spectra provides evidence of single-molecule strong coupling. This dressing of molecules with light can modify photochemistry, opening up the exploration of complex natural processes such as photosynthesis and the possibility of manipulating chemical bonds.
Photon-efficient imaging with a single-photon camera
Article
Active optical imaging systems use their own light sources to recover scene information but typically operate with large number of photon detections. Here, the authors present a 3D imaging system that acquires depth and reflectivity information with a single photon camera operating in low-light conditions.
Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms12046
Authors: Dongeek Shin, Feihu Xu, Dheera Venkatraman, Rudi Lussana, Federica Villa, Franco Zappa, Vivek K. Goyal, Franco N. C. Wong, Jeffrey H. Shapiro
[Research Article] Exploring the many-body localization transition in two dimensions
Quasiperiodicity and topology transcend dimensions
Nature Physics 12, 624 (2016). doi:10.1038/nphys3784
Authors: Yaacov E. Kraus & Oded Zilberberg
The topological state of matter depends on its dimension. Remarkably, topological properties of quasiperiodic systems are found to emerge from higher dimensions.
Interdisciplinary research has consistently lower funding success
Interdisciplinary research has consistently lower funding success
Nature 534, 7609 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18315
Authors: Lindell Bromham, Russell Dinnage & Xia Hua
Interdisciplinary research is widely considered a hothouse for innovation, and the only plausible approach to complex problems such as climate change. One barrier to interdisciplinary research is the widespread perception that interdisciplinary projects are less likely to be funded than those with a narrower focus. However, this commonly held belief has been difficult to evaluate objectively, partly because of lack of a comparable, quantitative measure of degree of interdisciplinarity that can be applied to funding application data. Here we compare the degree to which research proposals span disparate fields by using a biodiversity metric that captures the relative representation of different fields (balance) and their degree of difference (disparity). The Australian Research Council’s Discovery Programme provides an ideal test case, because a single annual nationwide competitive grants scheme covers fundamental research in all disciplines, including arts, humanities and sciences. Using data on all 18,476 proposals submitted to the scheme over 5 consecutive years, including successful and unsuccessful applications, we show that the greater the degree of interdisciplinarity, the lower the probability of being funded. The negative impact of interdisciplinarity is significant even when number of collaborators, primary research field and type of institution are taken into account. This is the first broad-scale quantitative assessment of success rates of interdisciplinary research proposals. The interdisciplinary distance metric allows efficient evaluation of trends in research funding, and could be used to identify proposals that require assessment strategies appropriate to interdisciplinary research.
Single-pixel three-dimensional imaging with time-based depth resolution
Article
A three-dimensional imaging system which distributes the optical illumination over the full field-of-view is sought after. Here, the authors demonstrate the capability of reconstructing 128 × 128 pixel resolution three-dimensional scenes to an accuracy of 3 mm as well as real-time video with a frame-rate up to 12 Hz.
Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms12010
Authors: Ming-Jie Sun, Matthew P. Edgar, Graham M. Gibson, Baoqing Sun, Neal Radwell, Robert Lamb, Miles J. Padgett
Localized Surface Plasmons Selectively Coupled to Resonant Light in Tubular Microcavities
Author(s): Yin Yin, Shilong Li, Stefan Böttner, Feifei Yuan, Silvia Giudicatti, Ehsan Saei Ghareh Naz, Libo Ma, and Oliver G. Schmidt
Vertical gold nanogaps are created on microtubular cavities to explore the coupling between resonant light supported by the microcavities and surface plasmons localized at the nanogaps. Selective coupling of optical axial modes and localized surface plasmons critically depends on the exact location …
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 253904] Published Thu Jun 23, 2016
Plasmonic Cup Resonators for Single-Nanohole-Based Sensing and Spectroscopy

Spatiotemporal Coherent Control of Light through a Multiple Scattering Medium with the Multispectral Transmission Matrix
Author(s): Mickael Mounaix, Daria Andreoli, Hugo Defienne, Giorgio Volpe, Ori Katz, Samuel Grésillon, and Sylvain Gigan
We report the broadband characterization of the propagation of light through a multiple scattering medium by means of its multispectral transmission matrix. Using a single spatial light modulator, our approach enables the full control of both the spatial and spectral properties of an ultrashort puls…
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 253901] Published Tue Jun 21, 2016
Time-Resolved Photoluminescence in Gold Nanoantennas

The scar
Il giorno dopo l’omicidio di Jo Cox nessuno parla più in ufficio della Brexit. Uccidere per un dibattito politico ha preso tutti alla sprovvista. Il Regno Unito è una “non-confrontational culture”, meglio non parlarne, meglio non scaldare gli animi, gli ultimi due mesi sono già stati abbondantemente tesi. Così fuori luogo in questa cultura che raramente accetta il dibattito politico pubblico per evitare il conflitto (appunto). Ma prima di questo orrendo fatto abbiamo passato mesi di pura follia. L’aplomb tipicamente inglese è scomparso, un sottile velo sotto il quale si nascondeva una corteccia di estremismo, nazionalismo e razzismo. Qualcuno ha rotto il vaso di Pandora e ora tutte le malattie racchiuse dentro questi “cocoon” di ipocrisia e politically correctness sono uscite fuori. C’era un tappo che chiudeva il pensiero di bassa lega delle classi più basse e degli animi più abbietti. Una cultura paesana che ti folgorava con lo sguardo appena dicevi qualcosa di remotamente razzista, battute scherzose incluse. Ora è perfettamente normale dire che gli immigrati “ci rubano il lavoro”, che non ci sono abbastanza case e la fila dal dottore è lunga per “colpa degli immigrati”. Cose mai sentite in 10 anni della mia vita qui. Dire queste cose in pubblico avrebbe significato l’ostracismo tipicamente inglese: isolamento e silenzio. Dire queste cose in ufficio avrebbe scatenato le ire del HR department e perfino un avviso prima del licenziamento. Ora a quel tappo alcuni politici senza scrupoli hanno messo un rubinetto, no peggio un tubo da giardino e quest’isola si è trasformata in un paese qualunque della Padania. Guardo i cocci del vaso di Pandora a terra e insieme ai pochi inglesi rimasti “inglesi” mi giro intorno e mi rendo conto che uno su due potrebbe non volermi come vicino. Dico potrebbe perché’ non si è mai sicuri se gli argomenti dei brexiteers siano economici o razzisti. Quando dici che la NHS non ha più soldi per tutti ne fai un argomento di natura politica/economica oppure intendi che chi ha colore della pelle diverso debba essere curato dopo di te, nonostante paghi le tasse quanto o più di te? Quando dici che preferisci che sia un inglese bianco di Westminster a comandarti invece che uno abbronzato a Bruxelles lo dici per una questione politica o perché’ preferisci essere schiavo di un bianco invece che di un abbronzato a Bruxelles? La cultura del sospetto serpeggia tra di noi. Perfino tra gli stessi inglesi ho sentito commenti del tipo: “secondo me quello che è per Brexit”; “quello ha la moglie rumena, ovvio che voti per Remain”; ho sentito di coppie in crisi perché’ il marito è per Leave e la moglie per Remain; amici nordirlandesi mi dicono che gli animi si stanno (ri)accendendo anche a Belfast.
Nord Irlanda già, perché’ alla fine dei conti Brexit sarà una ferita insanabile che lascerà una cicatrice sul Regno Unito. Scozia, Galles, Gibilterra e parte del Nord Irlanda voteranno per rimanere e la Scozia ha già detto che farà un referendum per uscire dall’unione britannica e tornare nell’Unione Europea. Alla fine un veloce sguardo alla mappa del voto ci dice che Brexit è un risveglio nazionalista inglese delle zone rurali dipinto come ritorno ai fasti dell’Impero perduto. I brexiteers vogliono il risveglio dell’era vittoriana ma si ritroveranno con una nazione dimezzata, isolata e odiata da tutti. A questo porta il tribalismo chiamato nazionalismo. La vittoria dei geni contro il raziocinio, l’istinto primordiale contro il buon senso. La morte di qualsiasi avanzamento dell’umanità oltre la barbarie.
Dopo la distruzione del UK, sarà il turno del resto d’Europa con Olanda, Danimarca e Svezia. Marine Le Pen è in visibilio e non aspetta altro. Altro che De Gaulle, una Francia sotto Le Pen sarà il ritorno al nazionalsocialismo in salsa francofona. Intanto Putin sorride del disfacimento del progetto europeo. Gli utili idioti che voteranno queste élite politiche pensano che dalla distruzione si crea ricchezza e progresso. Poveri illusi, non sapete cosa vi aspetta. Vi dico solo che due manager director di due compagnie con cui ho parlato recentemente mi hanno confessato che Brexit sarà il segnale per fare le tende e spostare tutto in USA o a Hong Kong. quando il business delocalizza e si sposta significa che la tempesta sta per arrivare.
E tutto questo solo perché’ un uomo, Boris Johnson, tipico profilo da politico psicopatico vuole prendere il potere all’interno del suo partito. Tutto nasce dal narcisismo, dall’egocentrismo, dalla patologia di un uomo a cui non va giù la leadership di Cameron. Nigel Farage ci crede al suo progetto ma Boris? Sappiamo i suoi veri scopi, dipingersi come il nuovo Churchill di un Regno andato in pezzi.
E alla fine 500 milioni di persone pagheranno le conseguenze di un uomo, come già successo in passato tante volte, troppe volte, proprio ora che per la prima volta in centinaia di anni in Europa non si combatteva più una guerra fratricida.
Nel frattempo nel mio piccolo sento questa ferita personalmente. È una sensazione strana che non avevo mai provato prima: un mix tra aver scommesso tutto quello che avevo sul cavallo sbagliato e uno scoprirmi un alieno in un paese in cui pensavo di essermi integrato perfettamente. Ma il passaporto è diventato ormai come la circoncisione negli anni 30, basta per decretare la cittadinanza di serie B, una tassa speciale come la Jizya, il tributo che cristiani ed ebrei dovevano ai regnanti musulmani, la riserva indiana fiscale e sociale per gli immigrati. Non si può più discriminare per razza, religione o etnia ma basta il marchio della nascita del passaporto per ritrovarsi con una stella di David cucita sul petto. Questo è il nazionalismo, la versione 2.0 economica e sociale del ghetto ebraico. A conti fatti tra due individui che pagano le stesse tasse, obbediscono alle stesse leggi, parlano la stessa lingua e contribuiscono alla ricchezza della società chi ha il passaporto della nazione ospitante (per puro caso è nato in quel suolo) è superiore in tutto. Un tempo si usavano categorie religiose ed etniche per sottolineare l’appartenenza ad un gruppo superiore, ora basta un timbro di un annoiato burocrate di un’anagrafe di provincia.
Multispectral Chiral Imaging with a Metalens
Simulation-Guided 3D Nanomanufacturing via Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition
Statistical Physics of Adaptation
Author(s): Nikolay Perunov, Robert A. Marsland, and Jeremy L. England
Evolutionary adaptation is commonly thought of as arising from reproduction. A new thermodynamic perspective on self-organization far from thermal equilibrium links the biological world and other systems governed by the same general physical principles.

[Phys. Rev. X 6, 021036] Published Thu Jun 16, 2016
Direct Measurement of Photon Recoil from a Levitated Nanoparticle
Author(s): Vijay Jain, Jan Gieseler, Clemens Moritz, Christoph Dellago, Romain Quidant, and Lukas Novotny
Force sensors levitated by light have reached the quantum regime, in which their sensitivity is limited by the momentum kicks of individual photons.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 243601] Published Mon Jun 13, 2016
Harmonics Generation by Surface Plasmon Polaritons on Single Nanowires

Mean first-passage times of non-Markovian random walkers in confinement
Mean first-passage times of non-Markovian random walkers in confinement
Nature 534, 7607 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18272
Authors: T. Guérin, N. Levernier, O. Bénichou & R. Voituriez
The first-passage time, defined as the time a random walker takes to reach a target point in a confining domain, is a key quantity in the theory of stochastic processes. Its importance comes from its crucial role in quantifying the efficiency of processes as varied as diffusion-limited reactions, target search processes or the spread of diseases. Most methods of determining the properties of first-passage time in confined domains have been limited to Markovian (memoryless) processes. However, as soon as the random walker interacts with its environment, memory effects cannot be neglected: that is, the future motion of the random walker does not depend only on its current position, but also on its past trajectory. Examples of non-Markovian dynamics include single-file diffusion in narrow channels, or the motion of a tracer particle either attached to a polymeric chain or diffusing in simple or complex fluids such as nematics, dense soft colloids or viscoelastic solutions. Here we introduce an analytical approach to calculate, in the limit of a large confining volume, the mean first-passage time of a Gaussian non-Markovian random walker to a target. The non-Markovian features of the dynamics are encompassed by determining the statistical properties of the fictitious trajectory that the random walker would follow after the first-passage event takes place, which are shown to govern the first-passage time kinetics. This analysis is applicable to a broad range of stochastic processes, which may be correlated at long times. Our theoretical predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations for several examples of non-Markovian processes, including the case of fractional Brownian motion in one and higher dimensions. These results reveal, on the basis of Gaussian processes, the importance of memory effects in first-passage statistics of non-Markovian random walkers in confinement.
95% QE, Back-illuminated sCMOS camera
Photometrics has just announced a new sCMOS camera, the Prime 95B, featuring a back-side illuminated sCMOS sensor with 95% peak QE and over 90% QE from about 500 – 650 nm. It’s using a version of this 4 MP sensor from Gpixel. It’s a 1200 x 1200 pixel sensor, with 11 μm pixels and 1.3 e– read noise, so it should be substantially more sensitive than a conventional sCMOS camera, and close in performance to an EMCCD camera.
If it performs as well as the specs indicate, this should be a real game changer for cameras, and could displace EMCCDs from all but the lowest light applications. Tucsen had previously released a back-side illuminated sCMOS camera based on the Gpixel sensor, but earlier versions used a sensor with peak QE at ~420 nm (it now uses the version with peak QE in the visible), and distribution in the US has been a bit of a mystery (I was not able to get one to demo, although I didn’t try that hard).
I hope to get a chance to test out the Prime 95B soon and will definitely report results from it here once I have a chance to try it out.
Intraband Hot-Electron Photoluminescence from Single Silver Nanorods

Deterministic Single-Phonon Source Triggered by a Single Photon
Author(s): Immo Söllner, Leonardo Midolo, and Peter Lodahl
We propose a scheme that enables the deterministic generation of single phonons at gigahertz frequencies triggered by single photons in the near infrared. This process is mediated by a quantum dot embedded on chip in an optomechanical circuit, which allows for the simultaneous control of the relevan…
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 234301] Published Thu Jun 09, 2016
Cavity-Controlled Chemistry in Molecular Ensembles
Author(s): Felipe Herrera and Frank C. Spano
The quantized electromagnetic field in a cavity can be used to accelerate the dynamics of electron transfer in molecular reactions.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 238301] Published Wed Jun 08, 2016
Imaging of Photonic Crystal Localized Modes through Third-Harmonic Generation

Local field enhancement: comparing self-similar and dimer nanoantennas. (arXiv:1606.02628v1 [physics.optics])
We study the local field enhancement properties of self-similar nanolenses and compare the obtained results with the performance of standard dimer nanoantennas. We report that, despite the additional structural complexity, self-similar nanolenses are unable to provide significant improvements over the field enhancement performance of standard plasmonic dimers.
Modal Coupling of Single Photon Emitters Within Nanofiber Waveguides
Demonstration of the enhanced Purcell factor in all-dielectric structures. (arXiv:1606.00477v1 [physics.optics])
The Purcell effect is usually described as a modification of the spontaneous decay rate in the presence of a resonator. In plasmonics, this effect is commonly associated with a large local-field enhancement in "hot spots" due to the excitation of surface plasmons. However, high-index dielectric nanostructures, which become the basis of all-dielectric nanophotonics, can not provide high values of the local-field enhancement due to larger radiation losses. Here, we demonstrate how to achieve a strong Purcell effect in all-dielectric nanostructures, and show theoretically that the Purcell factor can be increased by two orders of magnitude in a finite chain of silicon nanoparticles. Using the eigenmode analysis for an infinite chain, we demonstrate that the high Purcell factor regime is associated with a Van Hove singularity. We perform a proof-of-concept experiment for microwave frequencies and observe the 65-fold enhancement of the Purcell factor in a chain of 10 dielectric particles.




