firehose
Shared posts
Photographer Documents Execution By Syrian Rebels
Film: Watch This: Takashi Miike offers a strange brew of comedy, music, and mayhem

Every day, Watch This offers staff recommendations inspired by a new movie coming out that week. This week: Just in time for The Family, starring Robert De Niro as a mobster who enters the Witness Protection Program with his wife and kids, we’re recommending five tales of crime and kinship.
The Happiness Of The Katakuris (2001)
Few familial units have ever been quite as demented as the one at the center of Takashi Miike’s The Happiness Of The Katakuris, a truly bonkers tale of a clan compelled to bury multiple bodies near their remote hotel because, for one insane reason after another, everyone who visits their establishment winds up dying. No stranger to weirdness, this 2001 effort by Japanese provocateur Miike (Audition, Ichi The Killer) is part comedy, part musical, and all madness, as is apparent from the opening clay animation scene of a pint-sized winged creature eating ...
Read moreSay Hello Alcoholism with the official Hello Kitty Beer

Do you like booze, fruit flavors, and cute cartoon cats with disturbingly large heads? Then you'll probably love the new line of Hello Kitty beer just released in China. They're only half the alcohol content of regular beer, and come in six fruit flavors, including lemon-lime, passion fruit and banana.
Film: Newswire: Lars Von Trier's Nymphomaniac will be five hours long and maybe even spawn a TV series

As hinted at by a marketing strategy that’s seen three separate “appetizers” served in as many months, Lars Von Trier’s Nymphomaniac is a feast that’s meant to be savored, across multiple tastings of psychosexual drama and celebrity penis. But if a report on the Norwegian film site Montages can be believed, that feast will be a five-hour steady gorging, until you stumble away from the table unable to stomach even the most wafer-thin metaphor for the emptiness of human intimacy. According to that article, each of Nymphomaniac’s two dangly parts reportedly runs two and a half hours, making for five hours total of watching one woman’s erotic journey spread across several decades and untold numbers of whoring beds.
And because, as with lovemaking, five hours is barely enough time to really get into it, producers are also contemplating adding a Nymphomaniac TV series as a ...
Read morepopculturejunkieloudmouth: To celebrate the coming of the...






To celebrate the coming of the Halloween season, I thought I’d share this collection of photos of some of the Hollywood’s greatest monsters. Caught in candid moments, we’ve got Count Dracula sharing his life story with some of his co-stars, The Frankenstein Monster enjoying his afternoon tea, The Mummy Imhotep having his hair -or whatever it is that mummies have in place of hair- restyled, The Gill-man enjoying a set-visit from his best girl, The Wolfman having his fur touched-up, and Quasimodo ironing out some contractual details with his agent and a studio rep.
Kids learn butter-making and chemistry with "Crazy Aunt Lindsey"
I'm loving the "Doing Stuff with Crazy Aunt Lindsey" series of hands-on science YouTube videos for kids. I can't find the host's full name on the YouTube page or her website, but she's a fantastic presence and so are the kids that appear with her. The result is a series of videos that are adorable, high-spirited, creative, and fun &madsh; full of great, simple projects that pack a surprising amount of science "oomph" behind them.
Amalur IP heads to auction this month
Rhode Island is preparing to sell the Kingdoms of Amalur IP, with a website offering its assets going live this month, 38 Studios' court-appointed receiver Richard Land tells WPRI. 38 Studios collapsed in 2012 after launching Kingdoms of Amalur: Reckoning, taking $90 million of Rhode Island taxpayer money down with it.
The main piece of Amalur up for auction will be Project Copernicus, the studio's MMO-in-progress.
"If someone is thinking that Rhode Island is going to sell this for millions and millions of dollars, I would have a very difficult time believing that," Joystiq News Editor Alexander Sliwinski told WPRI in a Skype interview.
Land is optimistic about the sale: "The bulk of the game and intellectual property I don't believe is stale because the artwork is current, the tech used to develop the artwork is current, the concept is a current concept." Sliwinski warns that the fantastical world of Copernicus may be outdated as the industry shifts into the next generation.
The US Securities and Exchange Commission is investigating the $75 million loan that Rhode Island provided to 38 Studios. Rhode Island taxpayers have already begun paying back the loan.
Amalur IP heads to auction this month originally appeared on Joystiq on Thu, 12 Sep 2013 13:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.
Britain’s iconic black cab company is back in business

Yesterday, nearly a year after The London Taxi Company (LTC) halted production of its iconic black cabs and six months after the business was bought out by China’s Geely Group, the auto manufacturer got back to building cars.
Production of London’s iconic black cabs was halted last fall, much to the chagrin of traditional anglophiles. The company issued an emergency recall related to a disastrous steering fault in its vehicles, which made it difficult for drivers to properly maneuver their cars. The recall, hardly LTC’s first—LTC was forced to recall 5,000 cars in 2008 after a number of them caught fire—compounded the carmaker’s existing problems. The Manganese Bronze, which began making black cabs back in 1948, hadn’t turned a profit in six years. That’s partly because the UK government gave London cab drivers permission in 2008 to drive the Mercedes Vito, which broke Manganese’s longtime monopoly.
But Geely, which owns Volvo, swooped in and bought LTC in February for £11.4 million ($18.03 million) and made big improvements. It streamlined LTC’s manufacturing facilities in Coventry while creating 66 new jobs that boosted its workforce to 170. The vehicles, purported to be the most sophisticated cars ever produced by the company, promise better quality; Geely has committed £150 million to the development of new taxi models, including ultra-low emission versions.
The company is hopeful that the UK will continue to embrace its iconic taxi cars. “We are on target to deliver over 200 vehicles this month into London alone. Consequently we are going to increase our UK production and we will be building an additional 75 vehicles this year on top of the 424 that we had originally planned,” vice president of UK operations for LTC Peter Johansen told the Daily Mail.
LTC’s ambitions extend beyond London. The business plans to sell almost 2,000 new black cabs globally in its first year; it has already won export contracts to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
More than 130,000 black cabs have been built at the Coventry facility over the past 60 years. If LTC has its way, thousands more will be built in the years ahead.





Bizarro Back Issues: The Joker's Solo Series (1975)
firehose'you run into the problem that you can’t do the one thing that the Joker was explicitly designed to do. He can’t fight Batman, because if the Joker’s the protagonist, then he has to “win” at the end of the story, and if the Joker wins against Batman, well, Batman’s dead and we can’t do any more comics about him. Fortunately, O’Neil was able to write his way around this little problem by just having Joker essentially fill the role that Batman usually would, writing stories where he wandered around and got into fights with other Batman villains, eventually foiling their crimes, which may actually be even weirder than having him kill Batman in every issue.'

If you’ve been down to the comic book store over the past couple of weeks, you’ve probably noticed that for DC, it’s Villains Month, where a tie-in to the big Forever Evil event has led to the bad guys headlining the monthly comics instead of the heroes. As a result, we’re getting comics with names like Batman #23.1/Joker #1, which I think we can all agree makes things easy to follow. The thing is, while this definitely isn’t the first time the villains have stepped into the spotlight, it’s not even the first time we’ve gotten a comic called Joker #1.
That happened way back in 1975, when somebody at DC figured that it was a good idea to give the Clown Prince of Crime his own ongoing series that managed to last a mere nine issues — and it’s actually even stranger than it sounds.
Looking back on it, it’s pretty easy to see why they’d want to try putting the Joker in a starring role. Even in ’75, he was far and away the most popular of Batman’s villains, he’s visually interesting, and he has the kind of personality that makes him an unpredictable character that’s fun to read about. They even launched the series with writer Denny O’Neil, who had written “The Joker’s Five-Way Revenge,” one of the definitive Joker stories, only two years earlier. So theoretically, it all makes sense.
Once you actually start reading it, though, it’s a weird book — mostly because it’s a comic where the protagonist is a villain who tends to get arrested and thrown back into Arkham Asylum at the end of every issue. Even beyond that, though, you run into the problem that you can’t do the one thing that the Joker was explicitly designed to do. He can’t fight Batman, because if the Joker’s the protagonist, then he has to “win” at the end of the story, and if the Joker wins against Batman, well, Batman’s dead and we can’t do any more comics about him. Fortunately, O’Neil was able to write his way around this little problem by just having Joker essentially fill the role that Batman usually would, writing stories where he wandered around and got into fights with other Batman villains, eventually foiling their crimes, which may actually be even weirder than having him kill Batman in every issue.
For the most part, it’s the villainous version of Brave and the Bold with the Joker and a Guest Villain trying to out-crime each other for 20 pages, and O’Neil and the art team of Irv Novick and Dick Giordano kick things off with Two-Face.

Right from the start, we’re in some pretty iffy territory. I mean, I don’t want to tell Mid ’70s Denny O’Neil how to do his job or anything (that’s a lie, it’s all I want in the world), but if you’re launching a new series and you want to do a Two-Face story, wait for the second issue. That just makes sense. That said, O’Neil wins me back over almost immediately by having the Joker smack-talk two dudes about not being familiar with classic literature, which is a character trait that I really wish would come back and replace s**t like “cuts his own face off” in our modern version of the Joker.
So yeah, here’s our plot: Two-Face has been sprung from the joint by a gentleman named Señor Alvarez, who wears a purple mariachi outfit with gold filigree and speaks more or less exactly how you think he does from reading that description. Obviously, this affront to the Joker cannot stand, so drastic action must be taken.
Drastic balloon action:

Dudes. You are guards working at Arkham Asylum. If you see the Joker playing with balloons, you should probably realize that there are roughly one million ways that this is very, very bad. It’s worth noting that these two dudes get fired and show up in a later issue applying for a new job, with the person hiring them mentioning that they have a lousy resumé. Presumably “got fired from Arkham Asylum” is a red flag for Gotham City’s many employers.
Anyway, the Joker uses a balloon to float right out of the yard (why is he even let out into the yard) and sets about mucking up Two-Face’s operation. And just what is that operation? The theft of a cargo of Spanish doubloons.

With Alvarez there, of course, to make it a two-man job.
Just as Two-Face agrees to take the job for a 50-50 split (I can do this all day) of the profits, the Joker interrupts the planning session. The obvious question here is how he managed to track Two-Face down, especially since he does it before Batman, who never actually appears in the story. I mean, he’s never really been much of a detective, although I guess being a master criminal comes with a pretty similar skill-set.
The major difference, of course, being that detectives don’t usually pop out of a room service cart to burn people’s faces off with acid.

Even though the Joker manages to get Alvarez with his acid pie, Two-Face himself gets away after he manages to bonk Joker on the head with a bowl of pears (get it?). This, however, is only a minor setback, since the Joker already heard what the crime was and where it was supposed to go down, and knows enough about Two-Face to assume that he’ll put off the robbery until the next day — the second of the month.
The Joker decides to just go there and wait around so that he can get the drop on Two-Face, but he missed out on one crucial element: Dent’s planning the crime for 2:00 AM, and he’s already there, ready to knock the Joker out and tie him to a buzzsaw:

All right, look. I know I said I could do this all day, but I think that gag about the sub-basement is where the two-puns hit critical mass.
In addition to detective work, years of thematic crimes have taught the Joker a little something about deathtraps and the many methods of escaping them:

I joke, and I still think the setup of having the Joker foil the crimes of other Batman villains is weird as all heck, but I do genuinely love how O’Neil writes him as someone who’s picked up a lot of information in his years obsessing over how best to kill Batman. It’s a pretty great idea, which is unsurprising when you consider the source.
What follows, however, is just nuts — even if I still kind of love it. After Two-Face steals the coins (from the second floor, of course), the Joker shows up for the goofiest damn fight scene you’ve ever seen:

“False hair?! My eyes — Stinging!” might be the comic bookiest dialogue of all time. It is the best.
As to why grabbing the Joker’s lapels was a mistake, it turns out that the Joker coats his more grabable clothing in “a powerful stickum” that holds Two-Face’s hands on his lapel to allow the Joker more time for slapping. Sadly, this turns out to be exactly as bad a plan as you think it’s going to be, and the fight ends when Two-Face trips and both villains bonk their heads against a wall and get knocked out.
And then they get arrested.
Seriously.

And that’s how the first issue of the Joker’s ongoing series ends, which pretty much sets the tone for the rest of its short run.
Well, except for the one where he hits an actor on the head and the actor wakes up thinking he’s Sherlock Holmes, teams up with a sailor named “Dock” Watson, and foils the string of Holmes-themed crimes that the Joker is committing because he hates all detectives and that’s the only way he can get “revenge” on a fictional one. But that’s a special case.
DC Adventures RPG gives you every hero you ever wanted
firehosetl;dr: It's every single thing in DC statted for Mutants & Masterminds, with zero included pregen adventures, making the whole thing kind of a missed opportunity. In other words, "A+ DC product" -- Dan Didio
buried lede: "Green Ronin president Chris Pramas is currently raising funds to help pay for his spinal surgery." :( :(
Mayor Gray vetoes ‘living wage’ bill aimed at Wal-Mart, setting up decisive council vote - The Washington Post
firehoseDC
VIDEO -- Richland to mull policy » Local News » The Tribune Democrat, Johnstown, PA
In Beijing, the New IPhone Gets a Resounding 'Meh' - Businessweek
firehose“We are very happy that Apple released the new iPhone in China and the U.S. at same time. It’s a nice friendship gesture.” Not that she actually wants to own one. Kang says she’s very happy with the Samsung Galaxy she bought in July; she especially likes the larger screen size, which she says is better for shooting and viewing photos. Sitting nearby is Joey Zhao, who’s in town from Shanghai, where he works for a Japanese company that makes headphones. Zhao is also a Samsung Galaxy devotee and extols the virtues of the customizable Android operating system, “because I can put whatever I like on it.”
One employee of China Telecom (CHA), which has a partnership with Apple, declined to give her name but offered a theory on Apple’s diminished mystique in China. She says Steve Jobs was revered in China as a creative miracle. Now, she says, Apple is just an ordinary company controlled by businessmen.
Jeremy Whitley on the relaunch of ‘Princeless’
firehosePrinceless beat
"Q: Single-issue comics for kids are a tough sell in the direct market. Why are you choosing to go that route?
A: There is some resistance, yes, but there is also a need. I want my daughter to be able to walk into a comic shop and pick up books like Princeless. I want comics to shake this stigma that they’re only for boys or worse yet that they’re only for 30- to 40-something men. There are some great all-ages graphic novels out there, but sharing the world of comics and single issues is a beloved one for me and one that I’d love to introduce to young girls."
"Action Lab offers all of our issues as unrestricted PDFs through our website, www.actionlabcomics.com, and we always have."
The iPhone 5S, the Moto X, and the rise of the co-processor
firehose"The M7 receives and processes data from the iPhone's various motion sensors, even when the phone is off and in your pocket, and one of the two co-processors in the Moto X is designed to show the low-power Active Notifications when the phone moves; the other is always listening for voice input."
everything is always watching

Over the last few years, chipmakers have relied more and more on integration to save energy, use less physical space, and increase performance in their products. It started with little things like the memory controller, but we have reached the point where almost every important chip in a computer can be combined into one do-everything piece of silicon called a "system-on-a-chip" (or SoC for short).
This trend isn't going anywhere, but a few high-end phones recently have been trying something a bit different to enable unique features—they've included one (or more) small, low-power, extremely specialized co-processors designed to support very specific features. Why do this instead of building those features into the SoC along with everything else? We'll look at the just-announced iPhone 5S and the recently released Moto X to explain why.
Saving power
The M7 co-processor in the 5S and the pair of co-processors in the Moto X's "X8 Computing System" have one big thing in common: they're designed to do their thing when the phone is idle, or mostly idle. The M7 receives and processes data from the iPhone's various motion sensors, even when the phone is off and in your pocket, and one of the two co-processors in the Moto X is designed to show the low-power Active Notifications when the phone moves; the other is always listening for voice input.
Read 8 remaining paragraphs | Comments
Hold Your Breath, Katee Sackhoff Clarifies Those Marvel Rumors
firehose' “You know, you say one thing… People love a good story, even if it’s a story that has very little truth to it. If you go back and actually listen to what I said, I said that people have checked my availability. I never said Marvel [or] Disney so it’s interesting how people twist stories to serve an agenda that makes people click on their site, or sell their papers,” she told them. “I absolutely have not spoken to Marvel. It doesn’t mean that my team hasn’t spoken to Marvel. I personally have not spoken to Marvel and have no plans to do a movie in the immediate future, because number one I’m tied up with Somnia which is a fantastic place to be. It’s exactly where I wanted to be.”
Either way, Sackhoff did say fans wanting her to play Captain Marvel was flattering. “I would love to do the role. Of course I would love to do the role,” she told Crave. “I think that it’s in my wheelhouse and I would enjoy it. I’d be stupid to turn down a Marvel movie but as far as I know, Ms. Marvel isn’t even in the next movie.” '
6 Book Covers From The Guillermo del Toro-Curated Penguin Classics Horror Series
Evernote updates Chrome web clipper with new features, Skitch markup, and sharing
Evernote has been moving quickly to iterate on its web clipper for Google's Chrome browser, and today marks the introduction of a few features that should be appreciated by power users. But the web clipper has also been given a visual refresh with a tool panel that slides in from the right side of your Chrome window. Appearance aside, you'll notice two new options for clipping web content: Bookmark and Simplified. The former creates a new note that's basically a snippet of the page you're looking at (and its URL). Simplified on the other hand pares things down to basics. Evernote says it "strips the page of all distractions for easy reading and clean clipping."
Evernote is also bringing over some of Skitch's markup features to the web clipper. Shapes, arrows and text can all be overlaid on any page you’re viewing — a useful feature for pointing out a specific section or design element. And last of all, you can now share directly from the web clipper to Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and plain old email.
The Man Who Fought In WWII With A Sword And Bow
firehose"Mad Jack" John Malcolm Thorpe Fleming Churchill
"I maintain that, as long as you tell a German loudly and clearly what to do, if you are senior to him he will cry ‘jawohl’ (yes sir) and get on with it enthusiastically and efficiently whatever the situation."
"As the ramps fell on the first landing craft (in Norway), Churchill leapt forward from his position and played a tune on his bagpipes, before throwing a grenade and running into battle in the bay."
While fighting the Japanese in Burma, 'an unhappy Churchill vented, “If it wasn’t for those damn Yanks, we could have kept the war going for another 10 years!” '
"Mad Jack was known for throwing his briefcase out of the train window. His reasoning? He was throwing it into his backyard, which happened to be right by where the train rode past. This way, he didn’t have to lug it home from the train station."
"In later years, Churchill served as an instructor at the land-air warfare school in Australia, where he became a passionate devotee of the surfboard. Back in England, he was the first man to ride the River Severn’s five-foot tidal bore and designed his own board."
Girl Fight hits XBLA this month
firehose"Girl Fight will finally fill the void of games featuring scantily-clad women beating each other up when it comes to Xbox Live Arcade"
rated M for Partial Nudity and Sexual Themes
shared because someone please save the MicroProse brand from Majesco, because its logo is on this game
Girl Fight will finally fill the void of games featuring scantily-clad women beating each other up when it comes to Xbox Live Arcade on September 25. Majesco first announced the 3D fighter with a to-the-point press release back in February 2012.
Developed by Kung Fu Factory, Girl Fight features local and online multiplayer for two combatants, and online leaderboards, too. It's also coming to PSN sometime this fall.
Girl Fight hits XBLA this month originally appeared on Joystiq on Thu, 12 Sep 2013 12:00:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.
Dip Hop, Playing Music by Dipping Pizza Slices in Various Sauce Cups
firehosemarketing to makers beat
Using Makey Makey — a kit that can turn everyday objects into computer inputs by attaching alligator clips — Pizza Hut Canada plays “Dip Hop” by dipping pizza slices into various sauce cups.
via Betabeat
Seahawks announce they’ll plant undercover cops wearing opponent’s jerseys in crowd
firehoseeverything is always watching
Apple is no longer an innovative company, says the man who helped Steve Jobs design the Mac
firehose'So if a disruptive new company—the Apple of today—were to emerge, what kinds of products might it make? Esslinger, who retired from Frog design, the company he founded, in 2006, now teaches all over the world and especially in China, and he says that his students are primarily focused on three-dimensional interfaces as the “next big thing.” Their inspiration? Video games.
“Our students in China and in Germany, they come from the video game culture, and the video games are 3D,” says Esslinger. “I did a workshop a couple of years ago in Switzerland, and even MBAs said enterprise software should be like a video game.” '

Hartmut Esslinger knows a thing or two about industrial design and what it’s done for Apple. He worked directly with Steve Jobs to establish a “design language” that was used on the Macintosh line of computers for over a decade. Esslinger’s iconoclastic firm had already designed over 100 products for Sony when he signed an exclusive, $1-million-a-year contract with Apple in 1982.
But that Apple is mostly gone, says Esslinger in an interview with Quartz. The Apple of today resembles Sony of the 1980′s, says Esslinger, who witnessed the succession process at Sony first-hand: The visionary founder has been replaced by leaders who aren’t thinking beyond refinement and increasing profit.
“Steve Jobs was a man who didn’t care for any rational argument why something should not be tried,” says Esslinger. “He said a lot of ‘no,’ but he also said a lot of ‘yes’ to things and he stubbornly insisted on trying new things.”
One reason Esslinger is willing to recount his time with Jobs is that on October 9, at the Frankfurt book fair, he will release a design and management memoir recounting his time with Jobs, called Keep it Simple.
The origins of a design-led culture at Apple
By Esslinger’s own account, when he started working with Jobs in 1982, Apple was a fractious company in which designers reported to engineers and many in Apple’s corporate structure were openly hostile to the founder’s influence. (By 1985, Jobs had been forced out; he returned in 1996.) At the start of his work with Esslinger, Jobs knew that design could help define Apple’s brand in a way that no amount of marketing could accomplish, and from the introduction of the Macintosh SE, Esslinger’s “Snow White” design language defined the appearance of the Macintosh, visually integrating its outer plastic shell with the software it contained.

As early as 1982, Jobs had already conceived of a “book-like computer,” though the project was not discussed outside the company. That vision eventually led to the Apple Newton, a tablet that failed, and the iPhone and iPad, which made history. That kind of vision is now lacking at Apple, Esslinger says.
“As soon as you can copy something [like the iPhone,] it’s not smart enough anymore,” he says. “I think Apple has reached in a certain way a saturation—the curve [of innovation] was really steep seven to eight years ago […] but now my iPhone is so full I am deleting apps because I want to keep it simple.”
What the next Apple might come up with
So if a disruptive new company—the Apple of today—were to emerge, what kinds of products might it make? Esslinger, who retired from Frog design, the company he founded, in 2006, now teaches all over the world and especially in China, and he says that his students are primarily focused on three-dimensional interfaces as the “next big thing.” Their inspiration? Video games.
“Our students in China and in Germany, they come from the video game culture, and the video games are 3D,” says Esslinger. “I did a workshop a couple of years ago in Switzerland, and even MBAs said enterprise software should be like a video game.”
Just as important to the future of human-computer interaction, says Esslinger, will be a re-thinking of the integration of hardware and software. One example he gave was concept designs Frog did in collaboration with MIT, for flexible computers that responded to squeezing and other types of unconventional touch input.
“I think flat screens have reached a level of saturation,” says Esslinger. “Screens don’t have to be all right angles—the cheapest way is not always the best way. […] Not every country on earth likes square shapes, The cache and the memory makes it easier to have a rectangular screen, but it doesn’t have to be like that. There is much more freedom than we think we have.” (1)
Asia, young upstarts in the wings
Some of that radical thinking could come out of China, where Esslinger currently teaches. “What’s happening in China right now is a paradigm shift where they realize they have to innovate, and can’t just make cheap products,” says Esslinger. “The first generation of entrepreneurs just wanted to make money, but now you have a guy like Richard Yu, CEO of Huawei, announcing in public, ‘I want to beat Apple and Samsung.’”
Wherever the next big thing comes from, it’s likely to be from entrepreneurs and designers who are not steeped in existing ways of thinking in Silicon Valley, in part because they’re young—Steve Jobs was 28 when he began working with Esslinger. ”At Frog, our best ideas came from our youngest designers, fresh out of school,” says Esslinger. In part, he says, this is because of a willingness to fail—something that is, at least, still part of American culture. “In Europe you learn not to fail, and in America you fail to learn. You need failure.”
Footnote
(1) Esslinger speaks from experience: When developing the design language for early Macintoshes, he had to convince Jobs to adopt a more expensive manufacturing process in order to get the sides of the cases for Apple computers to be perfectly straight. (Injection molding processes demanded a 1 degree angle to otherwise boxy cases, so that molds could pull away from the cases easily.)
Subtle touches like that are now an Apple trademark, but refinement can only take a company so far, and the conservatism inherent in how design groups within companies must answer to their bosses means that companies tend not to innovate, says Esslinger.














