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Football is a ball sport between two teams , each consisting of eleven players, where the purpose is to get the ball into the opposing team’s goal the most times . The sport is practiced on a rectangular court with one goal in each short end, and the team that has scored the most goals when the playing time is out, wins the match. Playing time is usually 90 minutes. If both teams have conceded the same number of goals at the end of the match, the match is declared a draw or decided by extra innings (usually 2 × 15 minutes) or a penalty kick competition .
Of the players, only the goalkeeper is allowed to touch the ball with his hands, and then only within his own penalty area, except in situations where the ball is out of active play. The other players mainly use their feet and legs to guide the ball, but can also use their head and upper body.
The rules of the game were first recorded in England by The Football Association in 1863 . Football is regulated in Norway by the Norwegian Football Association (NFF) and internationally by the supranational football association FIFA (French: Fédération Internationale de Football Association ). FIFA hosts the World Cup for men and women every four years.
Football is played at a professional level all over the world. Millions of people regularly visit football stadiums to watch their favorite team, and billions more watch the game on television and over the Internet. Football is the sport in the world that attracts the most TV viewers. A very large number also play football at the amateur level. According to a FIFA survey published in 2001, more than 240 million people in more than 198 countries play football regularly. In 2014, the Norwegian Football Association had registered 375,000 active football players in Norway, and football is measured by membership numbers in Norway’s most widespread sport. The sport is played by many children and adults in all countries. World Championships and Olympic Sports Championships are held.
Modern football comes from the United Kingdom , and today’s football rules stem from the work of standardizing the rules for a number of variants of football that were played in private schools in England in the 19th century. [1] Football-like games were played in Britain even before this, but the game was more violent and disorganized and often took place as matches between whole villages. [1] [2] As a result, football was banned several times, including by a number of kings during the Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453). [3] [4] [5]
There are a number of examples of football games played elsewhere in the world through the ages, such as cuju in Han Dynasty China, episkyros in ancient Greece and Roman harpastum , without any direct link between these and football as we know it today. [1]
The work of standardizing the rules for football took place in the middle of the 19th century, and in the first decades there were several competing sets of rules in circulation. One of those who would have the greatest influence on the further development of the rules of the game, was recorded during a meeting with representatives of a number of private schools at Trinity College at the University of Cambridge in 1848; [6] [7] Another was a set of rules developed at Uppingham School called “The Simplest Game”. [8] However, these did not come into force everywhere – in the 1850sIn the English-speaking world, many clubs were unrelated to schools and universities that played various forms of football, and some of them set out their own rules. Foremost among these was the Sheffield Football Club , which helped form the Sheffield FA in 1868 . [9] Sheffield Football Club was founded by a group of cricketers in 1857 and is the world’s oldest football club. [10]
This ongoing work contributed to the formation of The Football Association (FA) on October 26, 1863. Following this and five subsequent meetings, an exhaustive set of rules had been drawn up. At the closing meeting, however, the representative of Blackheath chose to withdraw his club from the FA as a result of two rules in the draft being deleted: the rule that allowed running with the ball in hand, and the rule that allowed blocking such runs with kicking in the shin ( “Hacking”), hooking and holding. [11] [12] Several English rugby clubs followed and formed the Rugby Football Union in 1871 . [13] The eleven remaining clubs, led by Ebenezer Cobb Morley, ratified what became the thirteen original rules of football. [14] However, the rules allowed a certain ball handling with the hands: If the ball was caught unhindered after being in the air a certain distance without being on the ground (“ground”), the player in question was given a free kick. [14] The Sheffield FA continued to play by their own rules until the 1870s. The FA later included a number of these, [15] and the rules were merged in 1878. [16]