The figurative sculpture, or sculptural figure — in plain English, the body — has rarely felt more poignant, urgent, or politically alive than right now. What does it mean to have a body, to be in the world, to venture into public space with other people? With those questions looming over every human today, whatever can help us consider how we live with each other — how we create the body politic together — is an important conversation.

Antony Gormley, “Event Horizon,” 2010, site-specific installation, New York City. Photos: James Ewing, courtesy of Madison Square Park Conservancy
With that in mind, I was eager to take in SURVEY: Antony Gormley, organized by Chief Curator Jed Morse, at the Nasher Sculpture Center in Dallas. Up to this point, my most vivid encounter with Gormley’s work had been his multi-sculpture, site-specific installation Event Horizon. First produced in London two years after the 2005 terror attacks in the city’s Underground, I saw the U.S. debut of Event Horizon in 2010, its figurative sculptures installed on buildings around Madison Square and other locations in New York City.
Life-sized, the figures were cast from molds of the artist’s slim, 6-foot-4-inch body, with fiberglass versions placed on ledges and rooftops, and cast-iron sculptures sited at street level in public spaces. Presented by Madison Square Park Conservancy, the enigmatic figures were uncanny presences in the city, drawing much attention and fascination. Reading a lot of Carl Jung at the time, I saw the sculptures as mystical projections of psyche inhabiting multiple locations — and, like all New Yorkers, experiencing the city from multiple angles. Those figures left a lasting impression.
Antony Gormley, CH OBE RA, is one of Britain’s most significant artists of the last half century. And the Nasher’s exhibition is Sir Gormley’s first major museum survey in the United States. Yet, as such, the presentation feels oddly thin and incomplete, at least in the Nasher’s two main galleries on the museum’s ground floor. But things get exciting downstairs on the lower level, an area some museumgoers may not see or even know about unless they go to the restroom. Still, this is where SURVEY comes to life, and where the visitor experience should really begin — so I will too.
In these lower rooms, what would otherwise be ancillary or supporting materials are, in fact, the stars of the show. One room contains a career’s worth of sketchbooks and models, and the other plays an hour-long documentary on Gormley produced in 2015 by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). For better or worse, these secondary spaces provide the essential context one needs to fully appreciate the exhibition in the galleries above.

Installation views of “SURVEY: Antony Gormley,” at the Nasher Sculpture Center, Dallas. Photos: John Ewing
The Nasher understood the riveting appeal of Gormley’s sketches and models, given the resources invested here to show them. In an otherwise dimly lit room, a lighted display case running the length of three walls holds scores of open sketchbooks from Gormley’s entire career. On these intimate pages, we see how the artist thinks: his carefully considered ideas, varied interests, and the luscious, probing shape of his imagination. Sketch after sketch, we see how a body in space can be alive, active, and precarious — both physically and energetically. That precarity infuses Gormley’s finished sculptures, most based on his own body. Figures on rooftops, or in nature. Figures in piles. Figures represented by abstractions, vectors, cubes, and grids. These are bodies in flux, internally and in relation to their surroundings. Explored across his sketchbooks, these ideas about the body in space, the body encountering other bodies, and even embodied consciousness inform the many series of works that comprise Gormley’s extraordinary career.

Installation views of “SURVEY: Antony Gormley,” at the Nasher Sculpture Center. Photos: John Ewing

“SURVEY: Antony Gormley,” gallery guides and exhibition banner. Photos: John Ewing
In the center of this “Model Room” is a display concept borrowed from Tate Britain: a maze of long tables that are arranged (and function) like a fashion runway. Atop are mockups for Gormley’s discrete sculptures, large works of public art, and unrealized projects. While not to scale, these models give a vivid sense of his ambitions and material playfulness, and they echo what we see on many of the pages in the surrounding sketchbooks. The entire room feels like a workshop or laboratory, humming with the intensity of the artist’s ideas.
As Gormley demonstrates, sculpture considers how the object relates to architecture and the environment, and how we relate to space and each other. Sculpture is always about interaction. Whether viewers read a work of sculpture as figure or object sets the terms. If we perceive a figure, we contextualize the work as social, projecting culture and our own lived experience upon it. If we perceive an object, we center our own sensations, the work unfolding in space as we move around it. Gormley can take both tacks, shifting back and forth with works that blur the lines or straddle both figure and object simultaneously. This complicates our reaction, allowing the experience of his sculpture to transcend conventional definitions.

Left: Screenshot from “Antony Gormley: Being Human,” 2015, BBC. Right: Nasher Sculpture Center, gallery placard. Photo: John Ewing
Given that Gormley’s sculpture is so connected to his body, it’s not surprising that his art is also deeply rooted in his personal life. The BBC video playing in the adjoining room is long for a visitor program, but it’s impossible to pull yourself away from the artist’s story. Outlining a biographical basis for much of his art, it’s hard to argue with the BBC’s observations, which the artist himself confirms in the interviews. Born Antony Mark David Gormley in 1950 in London, the youngest of seven in a devout Catholic family, he attended a boarding school run by Benedictine monks. As the documentary notes, his initials AMDG also represent the Latin phrase Ad majorem Dei gloriam, meaning “For the greater glory of God.”
“That was a big weight to stick around my neck,” Gormley says, but he “bought it all, hook, line, and sinker, because that was the only world I knew, and it was absolutist.” As a teenager, he volunteered for pilgrimages to Lourdes, France. Working as a brancardier (stretcher-bearer), he helped undress and lower the bodies of paraplegics and the aged into the frigid spring waters at Our Lady of Lourdes. He describes what he saw as “real suffering, and the illusion and delusion of the expected miracles. It makes me very angry…this collective hallucination.”
Gormley studied archaeology, anthropology, and art history at Trinity College, Cambridge. But by age 23 he had lost his Catholic faith and set out on the “hippie trail,” a pilgrimage to find himself that ended in India in the early 1970s. “India was the beginning of everything in terms of making sense of my life and finding a means of doing so,” he says, recounting how he studied meditation with a Buddhist teacher and lived penniless for a time on the streets of Calcutta. “I realized this was in some senses an escape, and that it would be better to try to come back to my own culture and bring into it whatever realizations I had had.”
This goal would manifest in the study of art back in London, at St. Martin’s, Goldsmiths, and the Slade School of Fine Art. His first sculpture, Sleeping Place (1974), is a floor-bound work in plaster depicting the outline of a human figure, in a fetal position, covered with a cloth. It’s a form he had witnessed, or perhaps even been himself, amid the bustling rickshaws on the streets of South Asia. He recalls:
“There would be this silent, still, dhoti covered body. You wouldn’t know whether it was dead or alive at first sight. The image of these so vulnerable and yet so pure shapes that are a form of architecture. Sleeping Place was a way of bringing that back, making that experience again as an object. It talks about our need for shelter and security. In a way, it also talks about what Plato said, that we will never know what is inside another person’s mind. That there is, as it were, an infinity of possibility that lies on the other side of that skin.”
Gormley’s first solo show in 1981, curated by the Tate’s Nicholas Serota at the venerable Whitechapel Gallery, featured Bed, a work showing two impressions of his supine body formed in stacks of storebought sliced bread. The bodily indentations were created by chewing off individual slices from the more than 8,000 — each piece of bread dipped in wax for preservation (although the work became infested with Indian bookworm from Gormley’s own bed, according to the documentary). The sculpture simultaneously references nourishment and mortality, the host of the holy sacrament, Catholic ritual, and a nod to minimalist sculptor Carl Andre, an early influence.
In 1987, during the conflict in Northern Ireland, Gormley made a site-specific installation along the city walls of Derry/Londonderry, with a series of cast-iron figures facing opposite directions, the opposing positions held by Catholic and Protestant forces. In response, the community hung tires on one of the sculptures and set it on fire, yielding an impromptu effigy whose remains echoed the biblical crucifixion of Christ.

Antony Gormley, “Angel of the North,” 1998, Gateshead, UK. Screenshot of the A1 from Google Street View
Gormley was awarded the Turner Prize, Britain’s highest honor for the visual arts, in 1994 (the same year he was selected for Artpace San Antonio’s International Artist-in-Residence program). By this point, he had acquired the clout, support, and vision to pull off something truly extraordinary: Angel of the North. Standing 66 feet tall with a wingspan of 177 feet, this massive work of public art was the largest sculpture in the UK when it was erected in 1998. Sited near Gateshead just off the A1, the “Great North Road” connecting London and Edinburgh, this location makes it one of the most-viewed artworks in the world, seen by an estimated 30 million people per year.
“Angel of the North is my attempt at a Stonehenge,” says Gormley about his industrial-steel masterpiece. “An attempt at marking a very particular place at a very particular time, between the end of coal mining, the end of ship building, the end of the industrial power of the Northeast and the dawn of the information age, and making a totemic object for a community that had lost faith in its own future.”
Perhaps even more ambitious, Gormley’s site-specific work Another Place (2005–7) disperses 100 cast-iron figures facing out to sea across several miles of English coastline, a permanent art installation that interacts with beachgoers, tides, and colonies of barnacles. About his public art, Gormley told the BBC, “The test of a well-sited work is, during the time that it’s there, you can’t think of the place without the object or the object without the place.”

Left: Antony Gormley, “Angel of the North,” 1998, Gateshead, UK. Photo: Colin Cuthbert. Right: Antony Gormley, “Another Place,” 2005–7, Crosby Beach, Merseyside, UK. Photo: Stephen White
Although using his own body (and experience of existence) as the source for his forms, these works are in no way self-portraits. In fact, Gormley seems to have no interest at all in himself as subject. Other projects have made this abundantly clear, like his “fields” — including American Field (1991), Field for the British Isles (1993), and Asian Field (2003) — where locals are enlisted to fashion by hand simple clay figures with holes for eyes. Amassed by the thousands on the floor of an exhibition space, their “eyes” gazing directly at the viewer, these fields of humanity convey a collective silent message; whether invitation or condemnation is up to you.
Gormley’s decentering of self was even more pronounced in One & Other (2009), his Fourth Plinth commission in Trafalgar Square, where he gave over his creative platform and allotted time entirely to others. Selecting one person per hour for 100 days, some 2,400 ordinary “plinthers” were given the opportunity to do whatever they wanted, activating the historic public space and engaging passersby in just as many unique ways. On this gesture of selflessness (or supreme Catholic piety), he says: “One & Other was a complete letting go. Let’s think of us less as objects and more as a process, less as a noun and more as a verb. As a transformative space where you can dream.”
Under the Medicis, Renaissance Florence stood up the first official school for sculptors, including Donatello and Michelangelo, as well as the impressive Forte di Belvedere guarding the city. In modern times, this picturesque fortress has hosted presentations of acclaimed artists, including one of the largest exhibitions by the preeminent British sculptor Henry Moore in 1972. Gormley got his shot in 2015. His show Human was “a reality check” in Florence, what he calls “the birthplace of humanism…the whole idea that we are divine, the masters of the universe.” At the end of the BBC documentary, a shot of cranes moving his cast-iron sculptures around is thoroughly arresting, the harnessed figures suspended midair. As he reflects, “When we strip away the illusions of progress, what are we really? Or what do we need to become in order to be truly human?” Antony Gormley was knighted in 2014.

Top & middle: Antony Gormley’s “Field,” on view in “SURVEY: Antony Gormley,” at the Nasher Sculpture Center. Photos: John Ewing. Bottom: Antony Gormley, “Field,” 1984–85, lead, fiberglass, plaster, and air. © Antony Gormley. Photo: Antony Gormley
Back upstairs, in the Nasher’s two main galleries, the exhibition offers mostly single examples from a few of Gormley’s many bodies of work — in other words a “survey,” however limited. My eyes go straight to Field (1984–85), an unsettling work seared in my brain since first seeing it in an art history book. Created with soldered sheets of lead hammered onto a fiberglass and plaster form, the figure’s arms project fantastically from the shape of Gormley’s body, a sight that still thrills and unnerves me, no less so for wondering how the arms remain upright. Positioned in the gallery’s northwest windows, which look out onto the Nasher’s spectacular sculpture garden, this work has been given pride of place. But this also offers an unusual opportunity to walk completely around Field, viewing it from all angles, an exercise that transforms the work in my mind even as it erases that first impression of a figure straining against a confined space.
Context matters. How do figures (whether statue or human) adapt to their environment and circumstances? Poignant and powerful, the arms of Field reach out to meet their surroundings. Gormley, as we’ve seen, also imagines arms as wings (both angelic and mechanical), with figures who surmount life’s challenges and conquer limitations. Adaptation is not only a struggle, it can also represent triumph. But figurative sculpture is always a postulation, a theory about our place, role, and degree of authority in the world. That status is contestable, as we’ve come to see with monuments to the Confederacy.

An installation view of “SURVEY: Antony Gormley,” at the Nasher Sculpture Center. Photo: John Ewing
At the same time, Gormley’s lead sculptures are not just figures viewed from the outside; they also read as indices of interiority and acute awareness. As such, these containers of consciousness, what the artist calls “body-cases,” are made all the more confining knowing Gormley subjected himself to full-body plaster casts — lovingly executed for nearly two decades by his wife, the artist Vicken Parsons — in order to create some 80 different works. In the BBC video, seeing a younger Gormley fully encased in hardened plaster in a number of uncomfortable poses is, as he says, “evidence of the necessary trust between two people.”
Lead is a notoriously toxic material to work with, something I recall the late San Antonio artist Marilyn Lanfear saying about the making of her own lead sculptures that explore her family history. On his use of lead, Gormley is eloquent (and Lanfear might agree): “The common idea of alchemy is that you can turn lead into gold. But that’s actually just a metaphor for turning gross matter into imagination, which is what art should do.”

Left: Antony Gormley, “Prop,” 2018, cast iron. Right: Antony Gormley, “Close V,” 1998, cast iron. Installation views of “SURVEY: Antony Gormley,” at the Nasher Sculpture Center. Photos: John Ewing
Cast in iron, Gormley’s “body-forms” add durability, playfulness, and sometimes a grim outlook to his figures. At the Nasher, Prop (2018) and Close V (1998) are installed outdoors in unceremonious fashion, leaning against the museum or plunked down on the terrace, respectively. These body-forms are routinely displayed this way, or placed in any direction whatsoever — upside down, against stairs, hanging askew from ceilings, or even heaped in piles. With Critical Mass (1995), Gormley made iron casts of 12 body positions, and five copies of each pose, assembling an “anti-monument to the fallout of the 20th century.” One iteration of this work was installed in the Remise, an abandoned tram storage station in Vienna, the pile of figures evoking the Nazi transport of Holocaust victims and the mechanization of evil.
“Broadly speaking, the pile is history,” he told the BBC. “Something that we can do little about other than bear witness to it. But the pile is also bad history. The pile is the foil to any illusion of idealism that might be represented by the heroic statue.”

An installation view of “SURVEY: Antony Gormley.” © Antony Gormley. Photo: Kevin Todora, courtesy of Nasher Sculpture Center
For the past decade or so, instead of plaster molds, Gormley has used infrared technology to create precise scans of his naked body assuming myriad positions. This allows the artist to generate digital simulacra of his form that he can push and manipulate in expansive new ways. As a result, his newest sculptures extend and project beyond his body, sending out vectors into space from this organic baseline. The effect is mesmerizing, with figures that occupy space within and outside their own mass, or exist in different states of being, including being undone. These newer sculptures may be disordered, fragmented, cubed, atomized, or otherwise abstracted, but they still maintain vestiges or intimations of the figure.

Clockwise from top left: Antony Gormley, “Shift,” 2023, concrete; “Quantum Cloud XX (Tornado),” 2000, stainless steel; “Open Hold,” 2017, Corten steel; and “Drift VI,” 2010, stainless steel. Installation views of “SURVEY: Antony Gormley,” at the Nasher Sculpture Center. Photos: John Ewing
Among these is Quantum Cloud XX (Tornado) (2000), the only Gormley work in the Nasher collection. In some ways, these newer works featuring greater abstraction feel like a return to the first part of Gormley’s career, and the earliest works in SURVEY pictured here. Borrowing from the Nasher’s excellent language describing Gormley’s oeuvre, “expansion, compression, and containment” feel pertinent from the very beginning.

Left: Antony Gormley, “Footpath,” 1980/2020, pair of boots. Middle: Antony Gormley, “Floor,” 1981, rubber. Right: Antony Gormley, “Sense,” 1991, concrete. Installation views of “SURVEY: Antony Gormley,” at the Nasher Sculpture Center. Photos: John Ewing
Walking among these wildly different sculptures, visitors can be excused for wondering if they were made by different artists — an impression that is only intensified by the adjoining gallery. Here the museum has mounted one of its Foundations presentations drawn from the Nasher’s own collection, in this case with works selected by Gormley himself as a kind of conversation with his career. These artists, spanning both historical and contemporary, include Carl Andre, Jean Arp, Phyllida Barlow, Willem de Kooning, Garth Evans, Alberto Giacometti, Ana Mendieta, Auguste Rodin, Medardo Rosso, Joel Shapiro, Simon Starling, William Tucker, and Cy Twombly.
While that’s an interesting idea, I was surprised to see so much real estate given over to works by other artists as part of Gormley’s SURVEY. Rather than coalescing a complete picture of this renowned figure, Foundations diminishes the survey’s overall effect and is bound to confuse some visitors. I appreciate the Nasher’s commitment to education, but this display shortchanges a fulsome experience of Gormley by one entire gallery (or by half). I suppose that’s in keeping if we remember his Trafalgar Square commission, where he ceded the spotlight to others and decentered himself right out of the picture. Whether humility or hubris, what did that commission really add to our experience of Gormley?
Foundations does make some news, however. It’s evident that Gormley has drawn lessons from the previous generation of British sculptors — namely, titans Henry Moore (who turned down a knighthood) and Dame Barbara Hepworth. I think of his contemporary Sir Tony Cragg, a fellow Turner Prize–winner, as a closer, flashier cousin. Cragg’s clever, visually stunning transformations of the figure share Gormley’s conceptual bent. And yet, none of the three is included in his Foundations selection, although works by each are in the Nasher collection.

Left: Antony Gormley, “Sleeping Place,” 1974, plaster and linen. Photo: Antony Gormley. Middle: “Mean II,” 2013, cast iron. Photo: Stephen White. Right: Antony Gormley, “Pile I,” 2017, clay, on view in “SURVEY: Antony Gormley,” at the Nasher Sculpture Center. Photo: John Ewing
For viewers new to Gormley, instead of juxtaposing him with other artists, it might be interesting to offer examples of ideas that carry through the trajectory of his own work. For instance, I’d like to know why the recumbent figure huddled in a fetal position has intrigued him for half a century, as seen here in his very first work, Sleeping Place (1974), and up through Pile I (2017), included in the Nasher’s SURVEY. About these figures that lie or crouch on the ground, Gormley told the BBC:
“This is the sight that’s become familiar to us, the homeless in the front porch of the bank. It’s just about recognizing the exact opposite of Michelangelo’s David. This isn’t to deny the beauty and aspiration of works like that but the need to make us see what things really are…to make us feel what it’s like to be there, exposed. Trying to find a place of intimacy in a world that has somehow forgotten you.”

Left: Antony Gormley, “Domain XCVI,” 2025, stainless steel, 74 1/2 × 26 × 14 inches. © Antony Gormley. Installation view of “SURVEY: Antony Gormley.” Right: “Domain CVI,” 2025, stainless steel, 75 1/4 × 24 1/8 × 1/8 inches. © Antony Gormley. Installed on roof of JW Marriott Dallas Arts District. Photos: Kevin Todora, courtesy of Nasher Sculpture Center
To wrap up, let’s return to Gormley’s Event Horizon. That theme is reprised here in Dallas. But instead of the solid body-forms, Gormley uses examples from his Domains, a series of diffuse works composed of short stainless-steel bars joined at sharp angles. Domain XCVI (2025) is installed atop an outdoor column of the Nasher, and Domain CVI (2005) is sited nearby on the roof of the Marriott hotel, just barely observable from the museum’s garden. Why this change from solid figures to works that are hardly discernible from the ground? I believe those earlier versions of Event Horizon would inspire a radically different reaction this time around, in this location. Gun violence has traumatized the public psyche for decades now, and the sight of a lone figure on a rooftop in America raises disturbing thoughts as we absorb each new spree shooter. Meanwhile, the Nasher is just 10 blocks from the Book Depository and Dealy Plaza.
Of course, concerns for public safety are legitimate. But even scarier would be if museums (and artists) start to pull their punches or play it safe for political expediency. No art institution wants a Sally Mann moment, but we’ve already seen the harm that comes from obeying in advance. Has the concept of safety itself become contestable? Another controversy over the human figure is playing out in the tech world, where competitive advances in humanoid robots are mapping every facet and function of the human form, in order to replace it. The challenge for everyone is to find productive ways to engage in our current minefield of critical conversations. What ways feel safe to you? While discourses on art may seem elite or removed from ordinary life, we may need artists to perform this public role like never before.
What does it mean to take up space — individually, collectively — and who is allowed to claim space? In today’s mediated world, what is more relevant to society, our presence in physical or digital space? In the current lingo, where do we “touch grass”? Antony Gormley has a lot to say about all of these dynamics, if we let him speak to us through the figure. He puts it simply: “You cannot ever be inside another substance as you are inside your own body.”
SURVEY: Antony Gormley is on view at the Nasher Sculpture Center in Dallas through January 4, 2026.
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