Lv Linzhe

Pristine normal Graphite felt (NGF) is physicochemically perforated followed by chemical treatment and collated with reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) as anode substrate for soluble lead redox flow batteries (SLRFBs) to achieve areal capacity of 100 mAh cm−2. Physicochemically modified graphite felt (PCGF) is employed as an anode substrate in the SLRFBs and its performance is compared with RVC. Contact angle measurements confirm the improved wettability of PCGF electrodes. Fourier transform infrared analysis reveals a reduced C–O content, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies show higher oxygen content in PCGF compared to NGF. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy shows that Pb metal predominantly deposits on the surface of NGF, whereas it penetrates through PCGF. Cyclic voltammetry suggests that NGF, PGF, and PCGF electrodes exhibit superior single-peak anodic stripping performance compared to RVC electrodes, which show poor two-step stripping. Galvanostatic cycling demonstrates that RVC electrodes exhibit initial coulombic efficiency of 94% that declines to 70% after 17 cycles. By contrast, NGF, PGF, and PCGF graphite felt electrodes maintain average coulombic efficiencies of 98%, 97%, and 98%, respectively, when charged and discharged at current density of 20 mA cm−2, exhibiting stable performance. Current-potential data and self-discharge studies validate superior performance of PCGF electrodes. figure placeholder

Nature Nanotechnology, Published online: 04 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41565-025-02055-3

Three-dimensional chiral magnetic tubes created via two-photon lithography and nickel film deposition exhibit chiral spin textures and non-reciprocal magnon transport.

Nature, Published online: 28 October 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03472-z

Ending plastic pollution will mean embracing the complexity of political and economic realities.

arXiv:2508.18217v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The goal of this study is to estimate the amount of lost data in electron microscopy and to analyze the extent to which experimentally acquired images are utilized in peer-reviewed scientific publications. Analysis of the number of images taken on electron microscopes at a core user facility and the number of images subsequently included in peer-reviewed scientific journals revealed low efficiency of data utilization. Up to around 90% of electron microscopy data generated during routine instrument operation remain unused. Of the more than 150 000 electron microscopy images evaluated in this study, only approximately 3 500 (just over 2%) were made available in publications. For the analyzed dataset, the amount of lost data in electron microscopy can be estimated as >90% (in terms of data being recorded but not being published in peer-reviewed literature). On the one hand, these results highlight a shortcoming in the optimal use of microscopy images; on the other hand, they indicate the existence of a large pool of electron microscopy data that can facilitate research in data science and the development of AI-based projects. The considerations important to unlock the potential of lost data are discussed in the present article.

Science Advances, Volume 11, Issue 14, April 2025.

Nature Reviews Chemistry, Published online: 05 February 2025; doi:10.1038/s41570-025-00693-8

In situ spectroscopy and electrochemistry indicate that interfacial water structures formed in a neutral electrolyte are affected by oxide impurities within the catalyst layer. This leads to more rapidly exchanging free water at the catalyst interface and improved hydrogen evolution reactions.

Measurement of laboratory atomic pair distribution function data has improved with contemporary X-ray sources, optics and detectors, with acquisition times of the order of minutes for ideal samples. This paper examines resolution effects in pair distribution function data obtained using a convergent-beam configuration and an Ag X-ray tube from standard silicon powder and from 10 nm BaTiO3 nanocubes. The elliptical multilayer X-ray mirror reflects a non-trivial X-ray spectrum and introduces resolution effects not commonly treated in ordinary parafocusing divergent-beam laboratory diffraction. These resolution effects are modeled using the fundamental parameters approach, and the influence this has on interpretation and modeling of the resulting reduced atomic pair distribution function data is demonstrated.

Nature Communications, Published online: 22 August 2024; doi:10.1038/s41467-024-51541-0

The mechanisms of intermetallic compound (IMC) formation during annealing are poorly understood. Here, the authors identify five stages of PtFe-IMC formation at the atomic level using in-situ STEM, emphasizing the role of high temperature in achieving the targeted stoichiometric ratio.

Publication date: 1 July 2024

Source: Electrochimica Acta, Volume 491

Author(s): Xiaoyi Chen, Jie Yang, Kai Zhou, Zhenlong Lei, Xia Zhao, Jianqiang Zhang, Heming Luo

Publication date: 25 June 2024

Source: Applied Catalysis A: General, Volume 680

Author(s): Songbai Qiu, Ling Lan, Zheng Liang, Xian Xu, Linlu Tan, Haowen Yang, Qian Zhang, Tiejun Wang

We study the static and dynamic structure of thermally fluctuating elastic thin sheets by investigating the overdamped dynamic F\"oppl-von K\'arm\'an equation, in which the F\"oppl-von K\'arm\'an equation from elasticity theory is driven by white noise. This nonlinear equation is governed by a single nondimensional coupling parameter $g$ whose large and small values correspond to weak and strong nonlinear coupling respectively. By analysing the weak coupling case with ordinary perturbation theory and the strong coupling case with a self-consistent methodology known as the self-consistent expansion, precise analytic predictions for the static and dynamic structure factors are obtained. The maximum frequency $n_{\max}$ supported by the system plays a role in determining which of three possible classes such sheets belong to: (1) when $g\gg1$, the system is mostly linear with roughness exponent $\zeta=1$ and dynamic exponent $z=4$, (2) when $g\ll2/n_{\max}$, the system is extremely nonlinear with roughness exponent $\zeta=1/2$ and dynamic exponent $z=3$, (3) between these regimes, an intermediate behaviour is obtained in which a crossover occurs such that the nonlinear behaviour is observed for small frequencies while the linear behaviour is observed for large frequencies. The large frequency linear tail is found to have a significant impact on the small frequency behaviour of the sheet. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that ultra-thin materials such as graphene lie in this intermediate regime. Despite the existence of these three distinct behaviours, the decay rate of the dynamic structure factor is related to the static structure factor as if the system were completely linear. This quasi-linearity occurs regardless of the size of $g$ and at all length scales. Numerical simulations confirm the existence of the three classes of behaviour and the quasi-linearity of all classes.

Publication date: 15 May 2023

Source: Science Bulletin, Volume 68, Issue 9

Author(s): Hengrui Ma, Qiaorong Jiang, Zi-Ang Nan, Gen Li, Yanyan Jia, Ruoxin Ning, Jia-Bao Ji, Zhenming Cao, Linzhe Lü, Huiqi Li, Sheng Dai, Haixin Lin, Zhaoxiong Xie

Nature Materials, Published online: 05 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41563-023-01533-0

Epitaxial topological heterostructures of (Bi,Sb)2Te3/graphene/gallium have been achieved using molecular-beam epitaxy, providing the opportunity to access Majorana zero modes in electrical transport when combined with van der Waals tunnel junctions.

Deduced from the energy conservation theory, this work proposes that nanoalloys prefer to be amorphous when grown in a solution with high chemical potential, in contrast, the products will be crystalline. It is demonstrated by three methods, including varying the amount and the adding speed of reductant, and the stirring rate, to control the phase of the Pd-based nanoalloys.

Abstract

Amorphous metals and alloys are promising candidates for superior catalysts in many catalytic and electrocatalytic reactions. It is of great urgency to develop a general method to construct amorphous alloys and further clarify the growth mechanism in a wet-chemical system. Herein, inspired by the conservation of energy during the crystallization process, amorphous PdCu nanoalloys have been successfully synthesized by promoting the chemical potential of the building blocks in solution. Benefiting from the abundant active sites and enhanced corrosion resistance, the synthesized amorphous PdCu nanostructures exhibit superior catalytic activity and durability over the face-centered cubic one in formic acid decomposition reaction. More importantly, the successful fabrications of amorphous PdFe, PdCo, and PdNi further demonstrate the universality of the above strategy. This proposed strategy is promising to diversify the amorphous family.

Publication date: 5 July 2023

Source: Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Volume 328

Author(s): Tianyao Shen, Xiaojing Wang, Jiaqin Li, Peng Xu, Chunyan Yang, Peng Wang, Guangshan Zhang

Author(s): Lucia Skopinski, Silvan Kretschmer, Philipp Ernst, Matthias Herder, Lukas Madauß, Lars Breuer, Arkady V. Krasheninnikov, and Marika Schleberger

A key problem in ion-solid interaction is the lack of experimental access to the dynamics of the processes. While it is clear that the mechanisms of interaction and sputtering depend on the kinetic and potential energy (sum of ionization energies) of the projectile, the importance and interplay of t…

[Phys. Rev. B 107, 075418] Published Tue Feb 14, 2023

Nature Communications, Published online: 06 July 2022; doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31617-5

Despite the importance of unsymmetrical disulfides in various fields such as food chemistry, pharmaceutical industry, and polymer science, the nondirected intermolecular disulfuration of C-H bonds remains challenging. Here, the authors report the conversion of aliphatic C(sp3)-H bonds and aldehydic C(sp2)-H bonds into the corresponding C-SS bonds with tetrasulfides (RSSSSR) as radical disulfuration reagents.

Science Advances, Volume 8, Issue 27, July 2022.

Results of the modified Rainwater-Friend theory for the initial density dependence of the thermal conductivity arising from the Lennard-Jones (12-6) potential in the range of reduced temperature 0.5 ≤ T*≤ 100 have been correlated. Informed by theory, a collection of 41 functional temperature terms was narrowed to the eight most significant terms by structural optimization. The new formulation is the first that extrapolates correctly beyond the data range to reduced temperatures of 0.01 and 150. It contributes significantly to an improved understanding of thermal conductivities of gases at low densities and low temperatures where measurements are rare.

Publication date: October 2022

Source: Materials Today, Volume 59

Author(s): Samantha Mora, Nicola M. Pugno, Diego Misseroni

Publication date: 15 August 2022

Source: Journal of Crystal Growth, Volume 592

Author(s):

Nature Photonics, Published online: 30 May 2022; doi:10.1038/s41566-022-01000-3

Microstructured optical fibre is shown to be able transmit high-power laser light over long distances with high throughput efficiency.

Nature Materials, Published online: 30 May 2022; doi:10.1038/s41563-022-01260-y

The cycling disordering–ordering transition of low-misfit superlattice nanoprecipitates in metallic materials continuously annihilates radiation defects via a short-range atom-reshuffling process, giving rise to high radiation tolerance.

Nature Physics, Published online: 30 May 2022; doi:10.1038/s41567-022-01647-3

Publisher Correction: High-fidelity three-qubit iToffoli gate for fixed-frequency superconducting qubits