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14 Dec 00:44

Su Netflix c’è troppo, ed è come se non ci fosse niente

by Luca Barra

Netflix fa questo, Netflix fa quello. Netflix è respinto dal Festival di Cannes (e dagli esercenti francesi). Netflix è vincitore alla Mostra del Cinema di Venezia (e gli esercenti italiani mugugnano). “Ci vuole un Netflix italiano,” sostiene un vicepremier. Le finestre distributive del cinema italiano vanno irrigidite per salvarlo da Netflix, esterna un altro ministro. Manifesti listati a lutto sostengono “Basta Netflix!” nelle maggiori città italiane, ma l’hashtag #bastanetflix svela che si trattava dell’ennesima mossa di marketing. Netflix distribuisce Sulla mia pelle e fa discutere, sensibilizza, contribuisce al dibattito pubblico. Netflix investe. Netflix produce tantissimo. Netflix fa campagna acquisti tra attori e showrunner di primo piano. Netflix traballa in borsa. Netflix si accorda con Sky (prima nel Regno Unito, l’Italia arriverà dopo). Netflix, o dell’addio alla nostra vita sociale. Ma anche Netflix and chill, indizio di una qualche rinnovata socialità.

Netflix agisce, il mondo (la bolla?) reagisce. E non basta. La presenza di Netflix sulla bocca di tutti fa il paio con la vorticosa sequenza di nuove uscite imperdibili che accompagna ogni weekend: titoli inediti, seconde stagioni, contenuti originali, quintali di library finalmente disponibile. See what’s next, annuncia un claim dell’azienda. Non c’è dubbio, per le piattaforme on demand e per l’intero settore dell’audiovisivo sono tempi interessanti. Ma l’abbondanza, la frequenza di questa continua notiziabilità, dell’innovazione perenne, della rivoluzione permanente e ormai abituale rischia di creare una cortina fumogena.

È passato qualche anno—Netflix è arrivata ufficialmente in Italia nell’ottobre 2015—ma qualcosa, forse, continua a sfuggirci. Dietro la curiosità, gli entusiasmi e qualche delusione, sotto le corazze, c’è un servizio che ha cambiato profondamente il modo in cui guardiamo i film e le serie tv, una piattaforma che ancora prima di arrivare era già imitata e temuta da tutti i competitor. Ma c’è anche un’azienda costretta di continuo a rinnovare modalità e obiettivi, alla ricerca di un equilibrio temporaneo e piuttosto instabile tra spinte opposte e difficili da tenere assieme.

Il primo bilanciamento difficile è quello tra la scintillante efficacia della promozione e la realtà vera e propria. Tra l’hype e il catalogo. Si tratta di un peccato originale: già prima del suo approdo italiano Netflix era talmente attesa che le aspettative superavano di molto l’effettiva disponibilità di contenuti, come se di colpo si potesse accedere in modo semplice e legale a tutta la tv americana o a un deposito di titoli infinito. Poi ci siamo abbonati, abbiamo cominciato a usare il servizio, il sogno è sceso sulla terra: l’offerta conteneva molto ma non tutto, il suo spazio occupato nelle nostre abitudini quotidiane è complementare agli altri mezzi.

Resta però il fatto, anche oggi, che per la prima volta in modo così convinto contenuto e contenitore risultano inscindibili. Non basta rendere disponibili programmi sempre nuovi, ma se ne deve parlare, e tanto. Il valore sta nella serie originale, certo, ma pure (soprattutto?) nel suo essere marchiata Netflix, nel trovarsi in cima tra le proposte dell’interfaccia, nell’impacchettare tutto al meglio dentro e fuori dalla piattaforma, nel creare eventi.

Un esempio minuscolo, laterale, spiega il paradosso: persino quando ha inserito nel catalogo italiano Don Matteo o Fantaghirò Netflix ha fatto notizia, bilanciato sarcasmi e nostalgie, occultando agevolmente con la potenza del brand il fatto che un servizio a pagamento rendeva disponibili contenuti che altrove, su piattaforme meno brillanti come quelle di Rai e Mediaset, si potevano tranquillamente vedere gratis. Certo ci sono la user experience, l’interfaccia formidabile, le raccomandazioni, la compiutezza del catalogo. Ma soprattutto c’è la garanzia del marchio: il meglio, il nuovo, l’imperdibile stanno lì.

Lo slancio comunicativo prevale, e titoli in realtà del tutto assimilabili alla proposta generalista (come La casa di carta o Elite, ammettiamolo, che su Canale 5 non guarderemmo o vedremmo di nascosto) diventano le nuove serie da non perdere. Resta da capire, se tutto è sempre imperdibile, quanto a lungo la strategia possa funzionare.

Un altro equilibrio parecchio difficile da mantenere è quello entro un’offerta di contenuti all’insegna dell’abbondanza, addirittura dello spreco. Su Netflix c’è tanto di tutto, a soddisfare almeno un po’ qualunque richiesta. Vale per gli originali, che a manciate popolano la piattaforma all’avvicinarsi di ogni fine settimana, tra serie, film, documentari, spettacoli di stand-up comedy, show di vario genere. E vale per il catalogo delle acquisizioni, dove ogni mese entrano decine, centinaia di item (anche per rimpiazzare quelli dai diritti in scadenza, che invece silenziosamente escono da una porta laterale).

Ma c’è un altro lato anche di questa innegabile medaglia. Lo spettatore rischia di trovarsi privo di tempo e soprattutto privo di guide, di strumenti di orientamento, di quella sincronizzazione sociale tipica della tv classica dove si è sicuri di vedere la stessa cosa insieme a tanti altri, di essere parte di una comunità, di poterne parlare. Certo, ci sono i contenuti in evidenza, le segnalazioni, il passaparola, gli accordi presi per evitare gli spoiler. Ma c’è anche un possibile blocco: c’è troppo, ed è come se non ci fosse niente.

La promozione, la produzione. Facciamo ancora un passo oltre, ed ecco che ci troviamo nel mezzo di una terza contrapposizione. A chi si rivolge Netflix, oggi? All’inizio era facile: prima agli early adopter, poi a una fascia selezionata e composita di popolazione, che tiene assieme i più giovani e gli spettatori che già pagavano un costoso abbonamento tv, il pubblico delle serie americane, chi va al cinema. Ma i piani dell’azienda di Los Gatos non si fermano lì, non possono farlo. Servono più abbonati, e il target allora si allarga a un bacino potenzialmente ben più ampio, la massa generalista. Ecco spiegata una certa insopprimibile bipolarità dell’offerta di Netflix, nelle produzioni originali come nelle acquisizioni. Cult e popolare, autorialità e pancia, Maniac e Camera Cafè.

Più il tempo passa, più emergono come minimo due Netflix: quella che va in diretta competizione con le reti tv pay, che blandisce il pubblico adolescente e giovane, che si fregia di aggettivi come quality e prestige, da un lato; e quella che invece cerca, con più difficoltà, di conquistare tutti, che propone titoli di grana più grossa, che è impegnata in una competizione con la televisione generalista, con il cinema blockbuster, dall’altro. Ma sono due teste che faticano a stare insieme sullo stesso corpo. È improbabile, rarissimo, convincere nello stesso tempo sia noi sia i nostri genitori. Proporre insieme, negli stessi giorni, il film di Alfonso Cuaron e il nuovo cinepanettone. Ma è anche, per Netflix, un passaggio obbligatorio, se deve rendere in prospettiva il suo modello sostenibile ed efficace.

Grattando sotto la superficie emergono insomma tante spinte contrastanti, difficili da tenere insieme. Ancora una: l’equilibrio complesso tra un’esigenza (e la comunicazione) che puntano sempre al meglio, al nuovo, all’originale e un modello produttivo disruptive basato sulla sistematica eliminazione di ogni vincolo e tradizione—dalla durata fissa degli episodi alle pause pubblicitarie e ai ritmi di uscita settimanale—e sull’elaborazione di ampie quantità di informazioni per produzioni almeno in parte data-driven.

All’inizio dell’avventura, ai tempi di House of Cards e Orange is the New Black, da qui è arrivata l’aria fresca. Ma ora il modello sembra inceppato, ed emerge la contraddizione tra una qualità cercata con troppa forza e condizioni strutturali che la rendono difficile: limiti, restrizioni e confini servono a cementare la creatività, a darle sostanza; l’abbondanza impedisce di seguire i progetti con la cura dovuta; l’algoritmo spiega il passato più che immaginare il futuro; nel successo c’è sempre molto di casuale. Ci sono ampie eccezioni, ma molte produzioni di Netflix si sono irreggimentate, a comporre una programmazione media, senza picchi e vette, senza sprofondi. E dal medio al mediocre il passo è piuttosto breve, se le innovazioni stanno altrove (nella cable, sui network) e l’on demand insegue solo a stretto giro. Tutto sembra prevedibile (perché in effetti si voleva prevedere, ed è stato previsto).

Dietro all’hype e agli entusiasmi, su tanti fronti Netflix rivela un’inedita complessità. Dopo la marcia trionfale dei primi anni, serve ora un cambio di passo per consolidarsi e diventare grandi davvero. La scommessa dell’azienda, nel mondo e in Italia, è che l’equilibrio tra le spinte contrapposte esista. Che il tanto, il troppo, il tutto consentano pure di arrivare a una quadratura del cerchio. Ma è una scommessa incerta, rischiosa, per cui servono tempo, soldi, energie, per cui è necessaria oltre alla forma anche tanta sostanza. E intorno tutto sta cambiando ancora una volta, proprio grazie a Netflix, con le mosse sul mercato video di Amazon, Disney, Google/YouTube, Facebook. Sotto agli stunt promozionali e alla bulimia produttiva, la traiettoria di Netflix pare abbastanza chiara: o la va o la spacca. See what’s next.

Segui Luca su Twitter.

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24 Dec 17:27

Repairing a 1960s mainframe: Fixing the IBM 1401's core memory and power supply

by Ken Shirriff

A few weeks ago, I wanted to use one of the vintage IBM 1401 mainframe computers at the Computer History Museum, but the computer wasn't working.1 This article describes the multi-week repair process to get the computer working again.

The problem started when the machine was powered up at the same time someone shut down the main power, apparently causing some sort of destructive power transient. The computer's core memory completely stopped working, making the computer unusable. To fix this we had to delve into the depths of the computer's core memory circuitry and the power supplies.

The IBM 1401 computer. The card reader/punch is in the foreground. The 12K memory expansion box is partially visible to the right behind the 1401.

The IBM 1401 computer. The card reader/punch is in the foreground. The 12K memory expansion box is partially visible to the right behind the 1401.

Debugging the core memory

The IBM 1401 was a popular business computer of the early 1960s. It had 4000 characters of internal core memory with additional 12000 characters in an external expansion box.2 Core memory was a popular form of storage in this era as it was relatively fast and inexpensive. Each bit is stored in a tiny magnetized ferrite ring called a core. (If you've ever heard of a "core dump", this is what the term originally referred to.) The photo below is a magnified view of the cores, along with the red wires used to select, read and write the cores.4 The cores are wired in an X-Y grid; to access a particular address, one of the X lines is pulsed and one of the Y lines is pulsed, selecting the core where they intersect.3

Detail of the core memory in the IBM 1401. Each toroidal ferrite core stores one bit.

Detail of the core memory in the IBM 1401. Each toroidal ferrite core stores one bit.

In the 1401, there are 4000 cores in each grid, forming a core plane that stores 4000 bits. Planes are then stacked up, one for each bit in the word, to form the complete core module, as shown below.

The 4000 character core memory module from an IBM 1401 computer. Tiny ferrite cores are strung on the red wires.

The 4000 character core memory module from an IBM 1401 computer. Tiny ferrite cores are strung on the red wires.

To diagnose the memory problem, the team started probing the 1401 with an oscilloscope. They checked the signals that select the core module, the memory control signals, the incoming addresses, the clock signals and so forth, but everything looked okay.

The next step was to see if the X and Y select signals were being generated properly. These pulses are generated by two boards called "matrix switches", one for the X pulse and one for the Y pulse.5 Some address lines are decoded and fed into the X matrix switch, while the other address lines are decoded and fed into the Y matrix switch. The matrix switches then create pulses on the appropriate X and Y select lines to access the desired address in the core planes.

The photo below shows the core memory module and its supporting circuitry inside the 1401. The core memory module itself is at the bottom, with the two matrix switch boards mounted on it. Above it, three rows of circuit boards (each the size of a playing card) provide the electronics. The top row consists of inhibit drivers (used for writing memory) and the current source and current driver boards (providing current to the matrix switches). The middle row has 17 boards to decode the memory addresses. At the bottom 19 sense amplifier boards read the data signals from the cores. As you can see, core memory requires a lot of supporting electronics and wiring. Also note the heat sinks on most of these boards due to the high currents required by core memory.

Inside the IBM 1401 computer, showing the key components of the core memory system.

Inside the IBM 1401 computer, showing the key components of the core memory system.

After some oscilloscope measurements, we found that one of the matrix switches wasn't generating pulses, which explained why the memory wasn't working. We started checking the signals going into the matrix switch and found one matrix switch input line showed some ringing, apparently enough to keep the matrix switch from functioning.

Since the CHM has two 1401 computers, we decided to swap cards with the good machine to track down the fault. First we tried swapping the thermal switch board (below). One problem with core memory is that the properties of ferrite cores change with temperature. Some computers avoid this problem by heating the core memory to a constant temperature in air (as in the IBM 1620 computer) or an oil bath (as in the IBM 7090). The 1401 on the other hand uses temperature-controlled switches to adjust the current based on the ambient temperature. We swapped the "AKB" thermal switch board (below) and the associated "AKC" resistor board, with no effect.

The core memory uses a thermal switch board to adjust the current through core memory as temperature changes.  The switches open at 35°C, 29°C and 22°C.  The type of the board (AKB) is stamped into the lower left of the board.

The core memory uses a thermal switch board to adjust the current through core memory as temperature changes. The switches open at 35°C, 29°C and 22°C. The type of the board (AKB) is stamped into the lower left of the board.

Next we tried swapping the "AQW" current source boards that control current through the matrix switches.6 We swapped these board and the 1401's memory started working. Replacing the original boards one at a time, we found the bad board, shown below.

The IBM 1401 has four "AQW" cards that generate currents for the core memory switches. This card had a faulty inductor (the upper green cylinder), preventing core memory from working.

The IBM 1401 has four "AQW" cards that generate currents for the core memory switches. This card had a faulty inductor (the upper green cylinder), preventing core memory from working.

I examined the bad board and tested its components with an multimeter. There were two 1.2mH inductors on the board (the large green cylinders). I measured 3 ohms across one and 3 megaohms across the other, indicating that the second inductor had failed. With an open inductor, the board would only provide half the current. This explained why the matrix switch wasn't generating pulses, and thus why the core memory didn't work.

I gave the bad inductor to Robert Baruch of Project 5474 for analysis. He found that the connection between the lead and the inductor wire was intermittent. He dissolved the inductor's package in acid and took photographs of the winding inside the inductor.7

The faulty inductor from the IBM 1401 showing the failed connection.

The faulty inductor from the IBM 1401 showing the failed connection.

We looked in the spare board cabinet for an AQW board to replace the bad one and found several. However, the replacement boards were different from the original—they had one power transistor instead of two. (Compare the photo below with the photo of the failed card from the computer.)

The replacement AQW card had one transistor instead of two, but was supposedly compatible with the old board.

The replacement AQW card had one transistor instead of two, but was supposedly compatible with the old board.

Despite misgivings from some team members, the bad AQW card was replaced with a one-transistor AQW card and we attempted to power the system back up. Relays clicked and fans spun, but the computer refused to power up. We put the old card back (after replacing the inductor), and the computer still wouldn't start. So now we had a bigger problem. Apparently something had gone wrong with the computer's power supplies so the debugging effort switched focus.

Diagnosing the power supply problem

The power supply system for the IBM 1401 is more complex than you might expect. Curiously, the main power supplies for the system are inside the card reader; a 1250W ferro-resonant transformer in the card reader regulates the line input AC to 130V AC, which is fed to the 1401 computer itself through a thick cable under the floor. Smaller power supplies inside the 1401 then produce the necessary voltages.

Since it was built before switching power supplies became popular, the IBM 1401 uses bulky linear power supplies. The photo below shows (left to right) the +30V, -6V, +6V and -12V supplies.8 In the lower left, under the +30V supply, you can see eight relays for power sequencing. The circuit board to the right of the relays is one of the "sense cards" that checks for proper voltages. Under the +6V supply is a small "+18V differential" supply for the core memory. Foreshadowing: these components will all be important later.9

Power supplies in the IBM 1401.

Power supplies in the IBM 1401.

After measuring voltages on the multiple power supplies, the team concluded that the -6V power supply wasn't working right. This was a bit puzzling because the AQW card (the one we replaced) only uses +12 and +30 volts. Since it doesn't use -6 volts at all, I didn't see how it could mess up the -6 volt supply.

Inside the IBM 1401's -6V power supply.

Inside the IBM 1401's -6V power supply.

The team removed the -6V supply and took it to the lab. In the photo above, you can see the heavy AC transformer and large electrolytic capacitors inside the power supply. Measuring the output transistors, they found one bad transistor and some weak transistors and decided to replace all six transistors. In the photo below, you can see the new transistors, mounted on the power supply's large heat sink. These are germanium power transistors; the whole computer is pre-silicon.

The -6V power supply from the IBM 1401 uses six power transistors on a large heat sink.

The -6V power supply from the IBM 1401 uses six power transistors on a large heat sink.

The -6V power supply tested okay in the lab with the new transistors, so it was installed back in the 1401. We hit the "Power On" button on the console and... it still didn't work. We still weren't getting -6V and the computer wouldn't power up.

In the next repair session, we tried to determine why the computer wasn't powering up. Recall the eight relays mentioned earlier; these relays provide AC power to the power supplies in sequence to ensure that the supplies start up in the right order. If there is a problem with a voltage, the next relay in the sequence won't close and the power-up process will be blocked. We looked at which relays were closing and which weren't, and measured the voltages from the various power supplies. Eventually we determined that about halfway through the power-up process, relay #1 was not closing when it should, stopping the power-up sequence.

Relay #1 was driven by the +30V supply and was activated by a "sense card" that checked the +6V supply. But the +30V and +6V supplies were powering up fine and the sense card was switching on properly. Thus, the problem seemed to be a failure with the relay itself. Just before we pulled out the relay for testing, someone found an updated schematic showing the relay didn't use the regular +30V supply but instead obtained its 30 volts through the "18V differential supply".11 And the schematic for the 18V differential supply had a pencilled-in fuse.10

Could the power problem be as simple as a burnt-out fuse? We opened up the 18V differential supply, and sure enough, there was a fuse and it was burnt out. After replacing the fuse, the system powered up fine and we were back in business.

The 18V differential power supply in the IBM 1401 provides 12 volts to the core memory. The fuse is under the large electrolytic filter capacitors.

The 18V differential power supply in the IBM 1401 provides 12 volts to the core memory. The fuse is under the large electrolytic filter capacitors.

With the computer operational, I could finally run my program. After a few bug fixes, my program used the computers's reader/punch to punch a card with a special hole pattern:

A punch card with "Merry Xmas" and a tree punched into it.

A punch card with "Merry Xmas" and a tree punched into it.

Happy holidays everyone!12

Conclusion

After all this debugging, what was the root cause of the problems? As far as we can tell, the original problem was the inductor failure and it's just a coincidence that the problem occurred after the power loss during system startup. The new AQW card must have caused the fuse to blow, although we don't have a smoking gun.13 The reason the -6V power supply wasn't showing any voltage is because it was sequenced by relay #1, which didn't close because of the fuse. The bad transistors in the -6V power supply problem were apparently a pre-existing and non-critical problem; the good transistors handled enough load to keep the power supply working. The moral from all this is that keeping an old computer running is challenging and takes a talented team.

Thanks to Robert Baruch for the inductor photos. Thanks to Carl Claunch for providing analysis. The Computer History Museum in Mountain View runs demonstrations of the IBM 1401 on Wednesdays and Saturdays so check it out if you're in the area; the demo schedule is here.

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Notes and references

  1. Although there are two IBM 1401 computers at the CHM, only one of them has the "column binary punch" feature that I needed. "Column binary" lets you punch arbitrary patterns on a punch card (to store binary) rather than being limited to the standard punch card character set of 64 characters. 

  2. Note that the 1401 has 4000 characters of memory and not 4096 because it is a decimal machine. Also, the memory stores 6-bit characters plus a (metadata) word mark and not bytes. 

  3. If you want to know more about the 1401's core memory, I've written in detail about core memory and described a core memory fix

  4. The trick that makes core memory work is that the cores have extremely nonlinear magnetic characteristics. If you pass a current (call it I) through a wire through a core, the core will become magnetized in that direction. But if you pass a smaller current (I/2) through a wire, the core doesn't change magnetization at all. The result is that you can put cores on a grid of X and Y wires. If you put current I/2 through an X wire and current I/2 through a Y wire, the core at their intersection will get enough current to change state, while the rest of the cores will remain unchanged. Thus, individual cores can be selected. 

  5. The matrix switch is another set of cores in a grid, but used to generate pulses rather than store data. The 1401's memory has 50 X lines and 80 Y lines (yielding 4000 addresses), so generating the X and Y pulses with transistors would require 50 + 80 expensive, high-current transistors. The X matrix switch has 5 row inputs and 10 column inputs, and 50 outputs—one from each core. The address is decoded to generate the current pulses for these 15 inputs. Thus, instead of using transistor circuits to decode and drive 50 lines, just 15 lines need to be decoded and driven, and the matrix switch generates the final 50 lines from these. The Y lines are similar, using a second matrix switch to drive the 80 Y lines. 

  6. Each matrix switch has two current inputs (for the row select and the column select), so there are four current source boards and four current driver boards in total. 

  7. Strangely, half the inductor is nicely wound while the winding in the other half is kind of a mess.

    The faulty inductor from the IBM 1401.

    The faulty inductor from the IBM 1401.
  8. The 1401 has more power supplies that aren't visible in the picture. They are behind the power supplies in the photo and slide out from the side for maintenance. 

  9. If you want to see the original schematics and diagrams of the 1401's power supplies, you can find them here. Core memory schematics are here

  10. The pencilled-in fused on the schematic also had a note about an IBM "engineering change". In IBM lingo, an engineering change is a modification to the design to fix a problem. Thus, it appears the the 1401 originally didn't have the fuse, but it was added later. Perhaps we weren't the first installation to have this problem, and the fuse was added to prevent more serious damage. 

  11. The 18V differential supply provides 12 volts. This seemed contradictory, but there's an explanation. The core memory circuitry is referenced to +30 volts. It needs a supply 18 volts lower, which is provided by the 18V differential supply. Thus, the voltage is +12V above ground. Unlike the regular +12V power supply, however, the differential power supply's output will move with any changes to the +30V supply, ensuring the difference is a steady 18 volts. 

  12. The "Merry Xmas" card was inspired by a tweet from @rrragan. (I had also designed a card with a menorah, but unfortunately encountered keypunch problems and couldn't get it completed in time. Maybe next year.) Punch cards normally encode characters by punching up to three holes per column. Since this decorative card required many holes per column, I needed to use the 1401's column binary feature, which allows arbitrary binary data to be punched. I ended up punching the card upside down to simplify the program:

    Front of my "Merry Xmas" punch card.

    Front of my "Merry Xmas" punch card.
  13. After carefully examining the AQW boards, we determined that one- and two-transistor cards should be compatible. The two-transistor board had the two transistors in parallel, probably using earlier transistors that couldn't handle as much current. It's possible that the filter capacitor between +30V and ground was shorted in the replacement AQW board, blowing the fuse. 

28 Aug 16:32

Gianni Morandi annuncia il nuovo album e il tour, ecco 'D'amore d'autore'

by repubblicawww@repubblica.it (Redazione Repubblica.it)

Tutte canzoni nuove. Il disco uscirà a metà novembre. Da oggi le prenotazioni per i concerti da febbraio

02 Feb 18:12

Disagio mentale, non solo farmaci. Anche gli altri aiutano a guarire

by repubblicawww@repubblica.it (Redazione Repubblica.it)
In Italia le malattie psichiatriche colpiscono 1,8 milioni di persone. L'inserimento sociale come terapia. I rischi dell'isolamento dei pazienti. L'allarme per...
19 Jul 23:52

System Settings help needed

by Andreas Kainz (Andreas_k)

First of all I need help, but before you help me I’d like to show you what a user without development skills can do to make plasma better.

I already post about the system settings redesign and cause developer are busy with other tasks, I reviewed the existing modules and update them to fit (more) our vision. I know it’s not how I would prefere in the end but I did the changes without development skills (no compiling, no new code). I use qt-creator for edit the ui files and play around with qml.

The Mouse cursor theme was updated, by move the buttons to bottom as in most other kcm’s. The height of the resolution depandant button will be change soon. (left plasma 5.7 right 5.8)

03 cursor theme 03 cursor theme

Color scheme: Preview on top and buttons on bottom. I’d like to remove the tabs and add an edit button where the tabs will pop up. Therefore I need an developer.

05 color theme 05 color theme

Emoticon theme: same here rearrange buttons. In general I’m not sure that it is a good idea to have the posibility to add a new theme in the kcm cause start from an existing one and config the xml file would be easier.

07 emoticons 07 emoticons

I did also some other changes, but I’d like to show you that you can change something without development skills so join the game.

If you have dev skills and be interested in some work on system settings, contact me you can increase the user experience.