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10 Apr 06:32

Rapid Aqueous Spray Fabrication of Robust NiOx: A Simple and Scalable Platform for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

by William J. Scheideler, Nicholas Rolston, Oliver Zhao, Jinbao Zhang, Reinhold H. Dauskardt
Advanced Energy Materials Rapid Aqueous Spray Fabrication of Robust NiOx: A Simple and Scalable Platform for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

This paper presents aqueous, ultrasonically sprayed NiOx hole transport layers (HTLs) with large‐area scalability and high photovoltaic performance in double cation perovskite solar cells, outperforming spin‐coated NiOx from organic precursors and dramatically improving the fracture energy, a key metric of thermomechanical reliability. This robust and scalable HTL technology therefore has the potential to become a platform for scaling perovskite modules.


Abstract

Organometal halide perovskites have powerful intrinsic potential to drive next‐generation solar technology, but their insufficient thermomechanical reliability and unproven large‐area manufacturability limit competition with incumbent silicon photovoltaics. This work addresses these limitations by leveraging large‐area processing and robust inorganic hole transport layers (HTLs). Inverted perovskite solar cells utilizing NiOx HTLs deposited by rapid aqueous spray‐coating that outperform spin‐coated NiOx and lead to a 5× improvement in the fracture energy (G c), a primary metric of thermomechanical stability, are presented. The morphology, chemical composition, and optoelectronic properties of the NiOx films are characterized to understand and optimize compatibility with an archetypal double cation perovskite, Cs.17FA.83Pb(Br.17I.83)3. Perovskite solar cells with sprayed NiOx show higher photovoltaic performance, exhibiting up to 82% fill factor and 17.7% power conversion efficiency (PCE)—the highest PCE reported for inverted cell with scalable charge transport layers—as well as excellent stability under full illumination and after 4000 h aging in inert conditions at room temperature. By utilizing open‐air techniques and aqueous precursors, this combination of robust materials and low‐cost processing provides a platform for scaling perovskite modules with long‐term reliability.

10 Apr 06:25

Favorable Mixing Thermodynamics in Ternary Polymer Blends for Realizing High Efficiency Plastic Solar Cells

by Nicola Gasparini, Simon Kahmann, Michael Salvador, Jose Dario Perea, Andreas Sperlich, Andreas Baumann, Ning Li, Stefanie Rechberger, Erdmann Spiecker, Vladimir Dyakonov, Giuseppe Portale, Maria A. Loi, Christoph J. Brabec, Tayebeh Ameri
Advanced Energy Materials Favorable Mixing Thermodynamics in Ternary Polymer Blends for Realizing High Efficiency Plastic Solar Cells

In this work, organic ternary solar cells based on a model system comprising the polymers PDCBT and PTB7‐Th and PC70BM are presented as electron accepting units. The photophysics of this blend is governed by a fast energy transfer process from PDCBT to PTB7‐Th allowed by a favorable molecular affinity between PDCBT and PTB7‐Th.


Abstract

Ternary blends with broad spectral absorption have the potential to increase charge generation in organic solar cells but feature additional complexity due to limited intermixing and electronic mismatch. Here, a model system comprising the polymers poly[5,5‐bis(2‐butyloctyl)‐(2,2‐bithiophene)‐4,4‐dicarboxylate‐alt‐5,5‐2,2‐bithiophene] (PDCBT) and PTB7‐Th and PC70BM as an electron accepting unit is presented. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the ternary system clearly surpasses the performance of either of the binary systems. The photophysics is governed by a fast energy transfer process from PDCBT to PTB7‐Th, followed by electron transfer at the PTB7‐Th:fullerene interface. The morphological motif in the ternary blend is characterized by polymer fibers. Based on a combination of photophysical analysis, GIWAXS measurements and calculation of the intermolecular parameter, the latter indicating a very favorable molecular affinity between PDCBT and PTB7‐Th, it is proposed that an efficient charge generation mechanism is possible because PTB7‐Th predominantly orients around PDCBT filaments, allowing energy to be effectively relayed from PDCBT to PTB7‐Th. Fullerene can be replaced by a nonfullerene acceptor without sacrifices in charge generation, achieving a PCE above 11%. These results support the idea that thermodynamic mixing and energetics of the polymer–polymer interface are critical design parameter for realizing highly efficient ternary solar cells with variable electron acceptors.

10 Apr 06:24

Review of Recent Progress in Antimony Chalcogenide‐Based Solar Cells: Materials and Devices

by Hongwei Lei, Jianjun Chen, Zuojun Tan, Guojia Fang
Solar RRL Review of Recent Progress in Antimony Chalcogenide‐Based Solar Cells: Materials and Devices

Recent progress in antimony chalcogenide‐based photovoltaic materials and devices including Sb2S3 solar cells, Sb2Se3 solar cells, and Sb2(S x Se1−x)3 solar cells is comprehensively reviewed. The fundamental properties and preparation techniques of antimony chalcogenides are discussed. The achievements and challenges in antimony chalcogenide solar cells are highlighted. In addition, the outlook for future research in this field is provided.


Antimony chalcogenides such as Sb2S3, Sb2Se3, and Sb2(SxSe1−x)3 have emerged as very promising alternative solar absorber materials due to their high stability, abundant elemental storage, nontoxicity, low‐cost, suitable tunable bandgap, and high absorption coefficient. Remarkable achievements have been made in antimony chalcogenide solar cells in the past few decades, with the power conversion efficiency (PCE) currently reaching 9.2%, which is close to the PCE level required for industrial applications. To facilitate the realization of highly efficient antimony chalcogenide solar cells in the future, a comprehensive review of antimony chalcogenide‐based materials and photovoltaic devices is presented. First, the fundamental physical properties and preparation methods of antimony chalcogenide‐based materials are outlined, and then, notable recent developments in antimony chalcogenide‐based photovoltaic devices with various architectures are highlighted. Finally, the most prominent limitations are described, and approaches to achieving remarkable advances in antimony chalcogenide solar cells in the future are provided.

10 Apr 06:24

In Situ Structure Characterization in Slot‐Die‐Printed All‐Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiency Over 9%

by Wenkai Zhong, Qin Hu, Yufeng Jiang, Yu Li, Teresa L. Chen, Lei Ying, Feng Liu, Cheng Wang, Yi Liu, Fei Huang, Yong Cao, Thomas P. Russell
Solar RRL In Situ Structure Characterization in Slot‐Die‐Printed All‐Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiency Over 9%

All‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) fabricated via slot‐die printing are obtained. In situ grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering reveals the multiple crystallization kinetics during film drying. Printing with 1,8‐diiodooctane leads to the formation of a multi‐length‐scale phase separation and eventually improves the solar cell efficiency up to 9.10%, which is the highest efficiency for printed all‐PSCs.


Herein, high‐performance printed all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) based on a bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) blend film are demonstrated using PTzBI as the donor and N2200 as the acceptor. A slot‐die process is used to prepare the BHJ blend, which is a cost‐effective, high‐throughput approach to achieve large‐area photovoltaic devices. The real‐time crystallization of polymers in the film drying process is investigated by in situ grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering characterization. Printing is found to significantly improve the crystallinity of the polymer blend in comparison with spin coating. Moreover, printing with 1,8‐diiodooctane as the solvent additive enhances the polymer aggregation and crystallization during solvent evaporation, eventually leading to multi‐length‐scale phase separation, with PTzBI‐rich domains in‐between the N2200 crystalline fibers. This unique morphology achieved by printing fabrication results in an impressively high power conversion efficiency of 9.10%, which is the highest efficiency reported for printed all‐PSCs. These findings provide important guidelines for controlling film drying dynamics for processing all‐PSCs.

10 Apr 06:24

An Operando Study on the Photostability of Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells

by Jingyang Xiao, Minrun Ren, Guichuan Zhang, Jianbin Wang, Donglian Zhang, Linlin Liu, Ning Li, Christoph J. Brabec, Hin-Lap Yip, Yong Cao
Solar RRL An Operando Study on the Photostability of Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells

Replacing the acceptors of 3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐(3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐indanone)‐ 5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2, 3‐d:2’,3’‐d’]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b’]‐dithiophene (ITIC) and another fuse ring acceptor with withdrawing units of 1,1‐dicyanomethylene‐3‐indanone and hexyl side chains (IDIC) with rhodanine‐benzothiadiazole‐coupled indacenodithiophene with branched 2‐ethylhexyl side chains (EH‐IDT) in nonfullerene organic solar cells can not only enhance power conversion efficiency but also extend device longevity under light. Good miscibility between the donor and the acceptor is found to be a key factor in stabilizing the film morphology of the active layer and contributes to an excellent photostability.


Nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) over the past few years, showing a great potential for real applications. However, the study on the photostability and degradation mechanism of nonfullerene OSCs is far behind than that of fullerene‐based solar cells, which is crucial for the commercial applications of the technology. Herein, an efficient and stable nonfullerene OSC based on PCE10:rhodanine‐benzothiadiazole‐coupled indacenodithiophene with branched 2‐ethylhexyl side chains (EH‐IDT) is fabricated from environmentally benign solvent. The PCE10:EH‐IDT solar cell shows a high PCE of 9.17% and a long operational lifetime (T 80) of 2132 h, compared with other two OSCs based on 3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐(3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐indanone)‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2’,3’‐d’]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b’]‐dithiophene (ITIC) and another fuse ring acceptor with withdrawing units of 1,1‐dicyanomethylene‐3‐indanone and hexyl side chains (IDIC) nonfullerene acceptors, with tested lifetimes of only 221 and 558 h, respectively. As indicated by the Flory–Huggins interaction parameters, ITIC and IDIC have poor miscibility with PCE10, which leads to morphology degradation, suppressed charge generation, increased trap states, and charge recombination in the photoaging test, which accounts for the significant loss of short‐circuit current density and fill factor during operation. The improved miscibility of the donor and the acceptor results in a more stable morphology, and the PCE10:EH‐IDT solar cells thus achieve an outstanding overall performance that combines high efficiency and superior photostability and paves the way for the potential practical applications of OSCs.

10 Apr 06:24

Organic Solar Cells Based on High Hole Mobility Conjugated Polymer and Nonfullerene Acceptor with Comparable Bandgaps and Suitable Energy Level Offsets Showing Significant Suppression of Jsc–Voc Trade‐Off

by Zhen Wang, Xuncheng Liu, Haiying Jiang, Xiaobo Zhou, Lianjie Zhang, Feilong Pan, Xianfeng Qiao, Dongge Ma, Wei Ma, Liming Ding, Yong Cao, Junwu Chen
Solar RRL Organic Solar Cells Based on High Hole Mobility Conjugated Polymer and Nonfullerene Acceptor with Comparable Bandgaps and Suitable Energy Level Offsets Showing Significant Suppression of Jsc–Voc Trade‐Off

Thick‐film‐induced absorption compensation at short‐wavelength band is designed based on organic donors and acceptors with comparable bandgaps of 1.61 eV and suitable energy offsets for both the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), giving high J sc and V oc close to perovskite solar cells. As a result, a suppressed trade‐off between J sc and V oc among OSCs is demonstrated.


Herein, a high‐mobility polymer (Si25) pairing a nonfullerene acceptor (O‐IDTBR) is introduced to construct active layers of organic solar cells (OSCs). The OSCs based on Si25 and O‐IDTBR with comparable bandgaps of 1.61 eV show high open‐circuit voltage (V oc) of 1.03 V. Suitable energy level offsets between the donor and acceptor as well as sufficient photon absorbance by a 400 nm thick active layer afford a notable short‐circuit current (J sc) of 21.11 mA cm−2, indicating a significantly suppressed trade‐off between J sc and V oc among OSCs. In addition, notable high power conversion efficiency (PCE) between 10.2% and 11.54% can be achieved with thick blend films from 210 to 560 nm, a thickness range beneficial to pin‐hole free printing. The maximum PCE of 11.54% corresponds to a 400 nm thick blend film, which is a rare thickness for high‐efficiency nonfullerene‐based OSCs. The corresponding fill factors (FFs) are between 51.59% and 53.33%. The inferior FF is due to a very low electron–hole mobility ratio, offering space for future FF elevation. The results highlight the high V oc and J sc potentials for thick‐film nonfullerene OSCs based on a high hole mobility donor as well as looking forward to a high electron mobility nonfullerene acceptor.

10 Apr 06:23

Flash Surface Treatment of CH3NH3PbI3 Films Using 248 nm KrF Excimer Laser Enhances the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells

by Xueyan Shan, Shimao Wang, Weiwei Dong, Ning Pan, Jingzhen Shao, Xiangqi Wang, Ruhua Tao, Zanhong Deng, Linhua Hu, Fantai Kong, Gang Meng, Xiaodong Fang
Solar RRL Flash Surface Treatment of CH3NH3PbI3 Films Using 248 nm KrF Excimer Laser Enhances the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells

A 248 nm KrF excimer laser with high photon energy and low thermal effect is employed to perform a rapid surface modification on CH3NH3PbI3 films for the first time. This approach can reduce the surface trap density of CH3NH3PbI3 films effectively and improve the cell performance of perovskite solar cells obviously.


For perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the surface traps of perovskite films have great influence on the charge carrier behavior at the interface of perovskite and charge transport layers. In this investigation, a 248 nm KrF excimer laser with high photon energy and shallow penetration depth is introduced to perform surface modification on the CH3NH3PbI3 film through irradiation for reducing its surface trap density for the first time. A whole excimer laser surface modification (ELSM) process can be completed in few seconds, and the actual interaction time of the excimer laser and perovskite film is only several hundred nanoseconds. After ELSM, the trap density of the CH3NH3PbI3 film decreases from 1.61 × 1016 cm−3 to 5.81 × 1015 cm−3, and the nonradiative recombination is suppressed effectively. As a result, the open‐circuit voltage and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CH3NH3PbI3‐based PSCs increase from 1082 ± 27 to 1117 ± 16 mV and from 16.69% ± 0.77% to 18.50% ± 0.65%, respectively, and the PCE of the champion device reaches 19.38%. In addition, the measured larger charge recombination resistance, slower open‐circuit photovoltage decay, and longer charge recombination lifetime confirm the effective suppression effect of ELSM on the charge carrier recombination in PSCs.

10 Apr 06:21

[ASAP] Low-Frequency Carrier Kinetics in Perovskite Solar Cells

by Vinod K. Sangwan, Menghua Zhu, Sarah Clark, Kyle A. Luck, Tobin J. Marks, Mercouri G. Kanatzidis, Mark C. Hersam

TOC Graphic

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03884
10 Apr 06:21

[ASAP] High-Performance All-Polymer Photodetectors via a Thick Photoactive Layer Strategy

by Zhiming Zhong, Kang Li, Jiaxin Zhang, Lei Ying, Ruihao Xie, Gang Yu, Fei Huang, Yong Cao

TOC Graphic

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02092
10 Apr 01:22

Constructing CsPbBr3 Cluster Passivated‐Triple Cation Perovskite for Highly Efficient and Operationally Stable Solar Cells

by Wenke Zhou, Shulin Chen, Yicheng Zhao, Qi Li, Yao Zhao, Rui Fu, Dapeng Yu, Peng Gao, Qing Zhao
Advanced Functional Materials Constructing CsPbBr3 Cluster Passivated‐Triple Cation Perovskite for Highly Efficient and Operationally Stable Solar Cells

By introducing a CsPbBr3 cluster into a triple cation perovskite film to form an inorganic perovskite‐passivated hybrid perovskite film, ion migration is largely inhibited and defect states are greatly passivated. The open‐circuit voltage of passivated solar cells increases from 1.15 to 1.195 V. More importantly, the T 90 operational stability under light soaking of the device is significantly improved to 500 h.


Abstract

Ion migration and phase segregation, in mixed‐cation/anion perovskite materials, raises a bottleneck for its stability improvement in solar cells operation. Here, the synergetic effect of electric field and illumination on the phase segregation of Cs0.05FA0.80MA0.15Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 (CsFAMA) perovskite is demonstrated. CsFAMA perovskite with a CsPbBr3‐clusters passivated structure is realized, in which CsPbBr3‐clusters are located at the surface/interface of CsFAMA grains. This structure is realized by introducing a CsPbBr3 colloidal solution into the CsFAMA precursor. It is found that CsPbBr3 passivation greatly suppresses phase segregation in CsFAMA perovskite. The resultant passivated CsFAMA also exhibits a longer photoluminescence lifetime due to reduced defect state densities, produces highly efficient TiO2‐based planar solar cells with 20.6% power conversion efficiency and 1.195 V open‐circuit voltage. The optimized devices do not suffer from a fast burn‐in degradation and retain 90% of their initial performance at maximum power under one‐sun illumination at 25 °C (65 °C) exceeding 500 h (100 h) of continuous operation. This result represents the most stable output among CsFAMA solar cells in a planar structure with Spiro‐OMeTAD.

10 Apr 01:21

30% Enhancement of Efficiency in Layered 2D Perovskites Absorbers by Employing Homo‐Tandem Structures

by Yihua Chen, Shunquan Tan, Ning Zhou, Ning Yang, Wentao Zhou, Yiliang Wu, Klaus Weber, Qi Chen, Huanping Zhou
Solar RRL 30% Enhancement of Efficiency in Layered 2D Perovskites Absorbers by Employing Homo‐Tandem Structures

Layered 2D perovskite solar cells often suffer from poor carrier transport. Herein, the authors propose a homo‐tandem structure to extract the photogenerated carriers efficiently while retaining the optical density of the absorbers. It thus improves the power conversion efficiency of resultant devices by 30% without the penalty of moisture stability.


Layered two dimensional (layered 2D) organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites have attracted tremendous interest in photovoltaics due to its acceptable materials stability, especially the moisture resistance, when compared with their three dimensional counterparts. However, the limited carrier transport capability, which originates from the insulativity of bulky organic molecules, has significantly affected the resultant device efficiency. To create a shorter carrier pathway with sufficient optical density, the homo‐tandem device structure by using layered 2D perovskite absorbers is proposed. Following this strategy, the semi‐transparent device and filter bottom cells have been investigated and optimized using the same layered 2D perovskite absorber (BA2MA3Pb4I13). The corresponding four‐terminal tandem device is successfully demonstrated with the champion power conversion efficiency of 14.42%, which is 30% higher than that of single BA2MA3Pb4I13 perovskite devices (11.02%). A stabilized efficiency of 13.57% in the optimized champion tandem device also have been achieved. These results suggest alternatives to develop layered 2D perovskite based solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.

10 Apr 01:21

Thienochrysenocarbazole based organic dyes for transparent solar cells with over 10% efficiency

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7,11338-11346
DOI: 10.1039/C9TA03115D, Paper
Xinrui Xie, Danyang Sun, Yuefang Wei, Yi Yuan, Jing Zhang, Yutong Ren, Peng Wang
Stable, transparent organic dye-sensitized solar cells were made with over 10% efficiencies.
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10 Apr 01:21

Efficient and Stable Chemical Passivation on Perovskite Surface via Bidentate Anchoring

by Hao Zhang, Yongzhen Wu, Chao Shen, Erpeng Li, Chenxu Yan, Weiwei Zhang, He Tian, Liyuan Han, Wei‐Hong Zhu
Advanced Energy Materials Efficient and Stable Chemical Passivation on Perovskite Surface via Bidentate Anchoring

A specific bidentate molecule, 2‐mercaptopyridine, is demonstrated to substantially enhance anchoring strength at surface of metal halide perovskites, which improves the passivation efficacy and stability synchronously relative to monodentate counterparts. The highly stable bidentate anchoring based passivation on CH3NH3PbI3 not only advances power conversion efficiency from 18.35% to 20.28%, but also leads to a champion lifetime in humid air.


Abstract

Chemical passivation is an effective approach to suppress the grain surface dominated charge recombination in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the passivation effect is usually labile on perovskite crystal surface since most passivating agents are weakly anchored. Here, the use of a bidentate molecule, 2‐mercaptopyridine (2‐MP), to increase anchoring strength for improving the passivation efficacy and stability synchronously is demonstrated. Compared to monodentate counterparts of pyridine and p‐toluenethiol, 2‐MP passivation on CH3NH3PbI3 film results in twofold improvement of photoluminescence lifetime and remarkably enhanced tolerance to chlorobenzene washing and vacuum heating, which improve the power conversion efficiency of n–i–p planar structured PSCs from 18.35% to 20.28%, with open‐circuit voltage approaching 1.18 V. Moreover, the CH3NH3PbI3 films passivated with 2‐MP exhibit unprecedented humid‐stability that they can be exposed to saturated humidity for at least 5 h, mainly due to the passivation induced surface deactivation, which renders the unencapsulated devices retaining 93% of the initial efficiency after 60 days aging in air with relative humidity of 60–70%.

10 Apr 01:21

High Efficiency Planar p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells Using Low‐Cost Fluorene‐Based Hole Transporting Material

by Jing Zhang, Quan Sun, Qiaoyun Chen, Yikai Wang, Yi Zhou, Bo Song, Ningyi Yuan, Jianning Ding, Yongfang Li
Advanced Functional Materials High Efficiency Planar p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells Using Low‐Cost Fluorene‐Based Hole Transporting Material

A linear hole‐transporting material (HTM) based on 9,9‐dihexyl‐9H‐fluorene and N,N‐di‐p‐methylthiophenylamine (denoted as FMT) is synthesized. The p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells (pp‐PSCs) with the indium‐doped tin oxide (ITO)/FMT/CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3)/PCBM/Al structure shows a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.06%. Hence, FMT is one of the simplest HTMs applied in pp‐PSCs, which shows a PCE of over 19% without dopants.


Abstract

For commercial applications, it is a challenge to find suitable and low‐cost hole‐transporting material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), where high efficiency spiro‐OMeTAD and PTAA are expensive. A HTM based on 9,9‐dihexyl‐9H‐fluorene and N,N‐di‐p‐methylthiophenylamine (denoted as FMT) is designed and synthesized. High‐yield FMT with a linear structure is synthesized in two steps. The dopant‐free FMT‐based planar p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells (pp‐PSCs) exhibit a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.06%, which is among the highest PCEs reported for the pp‐PSCs based on organic HTM. For comparison, a PEDOT:PSS HTM‐based pp‐PSC is fabricated under the same conditions, and its PCE is found to be 13.9%.

10 Apr 01:21

[ASAP] Phenothiazine Functionalized Multifunctional A-p–D-p–D-p–A-Type Hole-Transporting Materials via Sequential C–H Arylation Approach for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

by Chunyuan Lu, Mahalingavelar Paramasivam, Kyutai Park, Chul Hoon Kim, Hwan Kyu Kim

TOC Graphic

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20646
10 Apr 01:21

Morphology control towards a greener, non-halogenated solvent system processed CH3NH3PbI3 film for high performance perovskite solar cells

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2019, 7,6004-6011
DOI: 10.1039/C9TC00812H, Paper
Wan-Yi Tan, Peng-Peng Cheng, Yong-Wen Zhang, Jia-Ming Liang, Xudong Chen, Yidong Liu, Yong Min
The development of green anti-solvent engineering on the NMP-processed CH3NH3PbI3 to achieve a good film quality by forming a two-layer structured perovskite.
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10 Apr 01:20

Minimizing geminate recombination losses in small-molecule-based organic solar cells

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2019, 7,6641-6648
DOI: 10.1039/C9TC00862D, Paper
Rafael Sandoval-Torrientes, Alexey Gavrik, Anna Isakova, Abasi Abudulimu, Joaquín Calbo, Juan Aragó, José Santos, Enrique Ortí, Nazario Martín, Vladimir Dyakonov, Larry Lüer
Geminate recombination rates are successfully predicted for series of small-molecule bulk heterojunction solar cells applying the Marcus–Levich–Jortner equation.
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10 Apr 01:20

A Cation‐Exchange Approach for the Fabrication of Efficient Methylammonium Tin Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells

by Fengzhu Li, Chaoshen Zhang, Jin‐Hua Huang, Haochen Fan, Huijia Wang, Pengcheng Wang, Chuanlang Zhan, Cai‐Ming Liu, Xiangjun Li, Lian‐Ming Yang, Yanlin Song, Ke‐Jian Jiang
Angewandte Chemie International Edition A Cation‐Exchange Approach for the Fabrication of Efficient Methylammonium Tin Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells

High‐quality, pinhole‐free CH3NH3SnI3 films are achieved from pristine NH2NH3SnI3 perovskite, and the oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ can be efficiently suppressed owing to the reduction agent hydrazine generated inside the films in the conversion. With the CH3NH3SnI3 film as light absorber, mesoporous MASnI3 perovskite solar cells were fabricated with a maximum PCE of 7.13 %.


Abstract

Tin‐based halide perovskite materials have been successfully employed in lead‐free perovskite solar cells, but the overall power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have been limited by the high carrier concentration from the facile oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+. Now a chemical route is developed for fabrication of high‐quality methylammonium tin iodide perovskite (MASnI3) films: hydrazinium tin iodide (HASnI3) perovskite film is first solution‐deposited using presursors hydrazinium iodide (HAI) and tin iodide (SnI2), and then transformed into MASnI3 via a cation displacement approach. With the two‐step process, a dense and uniform MASnI3 film is obtained with large grain sizes and high crystallization. Detrimental oxidation is suppressed by the hydrazine released from the film during the transformation. With the MASnI3 as light harvester, mesoporous perovskite solar cells were prepared, and a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.13 % is delivered with good reproducibility.

10 Apr 01:16

Interface engineering of low temperature processed all-inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells toward PCE exceeding 14%

Publication date: June 2019

Source: Nano Energy, Volume 60

Author(s): Long Zhou, Xing Guo, Zhenhua Lin, Jing Ma, Jie Su, Zhaosheng Hu, Chunfu Zhang, Shengzhong (Frank) Liu, Jingjing Chang, Yue Hao

Abstract

All-inorganic perovskite CsPbI2Br has received much attention recently due to its suitable bandgap and excellent thermal stability. Herein, we demonstrated a low temperature solution process to obtain high quality CsPbI2Br films and fabricate devices with a facile n-i-p structure (ITO/SnO2/CsPbI2Br/Spiro-OMeTAD/MoO3/Ag), in which MoO3 was introduced as interfacial layer that led to high efficient charge extraction and suppressed carrier recombination. As a result, the champion cells exhibited a relatively high power conversion efficiency of 14.05% and superb fill factor of 81.5%. More importantly, unencapsulated PSCs with MoO3 interfacial layers showed outstanding stabilities with retaining 80% of initial PCE with thermal treatment at 85 °C for 140 min in ambient air, 80% of initial PCE under continuous illumination for 120 min in ambient air, and 89% of initial PCE after being stored in N2 glove-box over 60 days. Meantime, it should be mentioned that all interlayers and active layer were processed at temperature below 160 °C, and hence, this fabrication technique is promising for flexible energy devices and future commercialization.

Graphical abstract

Low temperature processed high performance all-inorganic perovskite solar cells with MoO3 as interfacial layer have been achieved with PCE exceeding 14% via sequential graded thermal annealing process. Moreover, the unencapsulated device exhibited enhanced operational stability under continuously simulated sunlight illumination, thermal stability and outstanding air stability after 60 days of storage under N2 condition.

Image 1

10 Apr 01:15

High Efficiency Planar p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells Using Low‐Cost Fluorene‐Based Hole Transporting Material

by Jing Zhang, Quan Sun, Qiaoyun Chen, Yikai Wang, Yi Zhou, Bo Song, Ningyi Yuan, Jianning Ding, Yongfang Li
Advanced Functional Materials High Efficiency Planar p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells Using Low‐Cost Fluorene‐Based Hole Transporting Material

A linear hole‐transporting material (HTM) based on 9,9‐dihexyl‐9H‐fluorene and N,N‐di‐p‐methylthiophenylamine (denoted as FMT) is synthesized. The p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells (pp‐PSCs) with the indium‐doped tin oxide (ITO)/FMT/CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3)/PCBM/Al structure shows a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.06%. Hence, FMT is one of the simplest HTMs applied in pp‐PSCs, which shows a PCE of over 19% without dopants.


Abstract

For commercial applications, it is a challenge to find suitable and low‐cost hole‐transporting material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), where high efficiency spiro‐OMeTAD and PTAA are expensive. A HTM based on 9,9‐dihexyl‐9H‐fluorene and N,N‐di‐p‐methylthiophenylamine (denoted as FMT) is designed and synthesized. High‐yield FMT with a linear structure is synthesized in two steps. The dopant‐free FMT‐based planar p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells (pp‐PSCs) exhibit a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.06%, which is among the highest PCEs reported for the pp‐PSCs based on organic HTM. For comparison, a PEDOT:PSS HTM‐based pp‐PSC is fabricated under the same conditions, and its PCE is found to be 13.9%.

10 Apr 01:10

Strain‐Mediated Phase Stabilization: A New Strategy for Ultrastable α‐CsPbI3 Perovskite by Nanoconfined Growth

by Sunihl Ma, Seong Hun Kim, Beomjin Jeong, Hyeok‐Chan Kwon, Seong‐Cheol Yun, Gyumin Jang, Hyunha Yang, Cheolmin Park, Donghwa Lee, Jooho Moon
Small Strain‐Mediated Phase Stabilization: A New Strategy for Ultrastable α‐CsPbI3 Perovskite by Nanoconfined Growth

A novel approach to stabilize α‐CsPbI3 perovskite through strain engineering, whereby CsPbI3 perovskite is confined by a vertically aligned nanoporous template, is developed. By imposing a strain on the perovskite lattice, the ultrastable black α‐CsPbI3 with its desirable optoelectrical properties is obtained. The density functional theory calculations on the formation energy confirm that the strain‐mediated phase stabilization is thermodynamically allowed.


Abstract

All‐inorganic cesium lead triiodide (CsPbI3) perovskite is considered a promising solution‐processable semiconductor for highly stable optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications. However, despite its excellent optoelectronic properties, the phase instability of CsPbI3 poses a critical hurdle for practical application. In this study, a novel stain‐mediated phase stabilization strategy is demonstrated to significantly enhance the phase stability of cubic α‐phase CsPbI3. Careful control of the degree of spatial confinement induced by anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with varying pore sizes leads to effective manipulation of the phase stability of α‐CsPbI3. The Williamson–Hall method in conjunction with density functional theory calculations clearly confirms that the strain imposed on the perovskite lattice when confined in vertically aligned nanopores can alter the formation energy of the system, stabilizing α‐CsPbI3 at room temperature. Finally, the CsPbI3 grown inside nanoporous AAO templates exhibits exceptional phase stability over three months under ambient conditions, in which the resulting light‐emitting diode reveals a natural red color emission with very narrow bandwidth (full width at half maximum of 33 nm) at 702 nm. The universally applicable template‐based stabilization strategy can give in‐depth insights on the strain‐mediated phase transition mechanism in all‐inorganic perovskites.

10 Apr 01:09

Materials Discovery of Stable and Nontoxic Halide Perovskite Materials for High‐Efficiency Solar Cells

by Ryan Jacobs, Guangfu Luo, Dane Morgan
Advanced Functional Materials Materials Discovery of Stable and Nontoxic Halide Perovskite Materials for High‐Efficiency Solar Cells

High‐throughput density functional theory (DFT) methods are used to screen 1845 halide perovskite materials in search of nontoxic, stable, optimal bandgap materials with high photovoltaic efficiencies for use in single junction, quantum dot, and tandem Si‐perovskite solar cells. A total of 15 promising halide perovskite materials, including (CH3NH3)0.75Cs0.25SnI3, ((NH2)2CH)Ag0.5Sb0.5Br3, CsMn0.875Fe0.125I3, ((CH3)2NH2)Ag0.5Bi0.5I3, and ((NH2)2CH)0.5Rb0.5SnI3, are found.


Abstract

Two critical limitations of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite materials for solar cells are their poor stability in humid environments and inclusion of toxic lead. In this study, high‐throughput density functional theory (DFT) methods are used to computationally model and screen 1845 halide perovskites in search of new materials without these limitations that are promising for solar cell applications. This study focuses on finding materials that are comprised of nontoxic elements, stable in a humid operating environment, and have an optimal bandgap for one of single junction, tandem Si‐perovskite, or quantum dot–based solar cells. Single junction materials are also screened on predicted single junction photovoltaic (PV) efficiencies exceeding 22.7%, which is the current highest reported PV efficiency for halide perovskites. Generally, these methods qualitatively reproduce the properties of known promising nontoxic halide perovskites that are either experimentally evaluated or predicted from theory. From a set of 1845 materials, 15 materials pass all screening criteria for single junction cell applications, 13 of which are not previously investigated, such as (CH3NH3)0.75Cs0.25SnI3, ((NH2)2CH)Ag0.5Sb0.5Br3, CsMn0.875Fe0.125I3, ((CH3)2NH2)Ag0.5Bi0.5I3, and ((NH2)2CH)0.5Rb0.5SnI3. These materials, together with others predicted in this study, may be promising candidate materials for stable, highly efficient, and nontoxic perovskite‐based solar cells.

10 Apr 01:07

Interface modification by a multifunctional ammonium salt for high performance and stable planar perovskite solar cells

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7,11867-11876
DOI: 10.1039/C9TA02631B, Paper
Shuo Wang, Yu Zhu, Chengyan Wang, Ruixin Ma
Interface modification by a multifunctional ammonium salt for high performance and stable planar perovskite solar cells.
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10 Apr 01:05

Enhanced performance of perovskite solar cells by the incorporation of the luminescent small molecule DBP: perovskite absorption spectrum modification and interface engineering

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2019, 7,5686-5694
DOI: 10.1039/C9TC00064J, Paper
Saisai Ding, Shiqi Li, Qinjun Sun, Yukun Wu, Yifan Liu, Zhanfeng Li, Yanxia Cui, Hua Wang, Yuying Hao, Yucheng Wu
Luminescent organic small molecule DBP ultrathin layer were incorporated into the interface between perovskite and electron transport layer for high efficiency and stability PSCs by absorption spectrum modification and interface engineering.
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10 Apr 01:04

[ASAP] A Simple Approach to Prepare Chlorinated Polymer Donors with Low-Lying HOMO Level for High Performance Polymer Solar Cells

by Beibei Qiu, Shanshan Chen, Hongneng Li, Zhenghui Luo, Jia Yao, Chenkai Sun, Xiaojun Li, Lingwei Xue, Zhi-Guo Zhang, Changduk Yang, Yongfang Li

TOC Graphic

Chemistry of Materials
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b05352
10 Apr 01:04

All-polymer methylammonium lead iodide perovskite microcavities

Nanoscale, 2019, 11,8978-8983
DOI: 10.1039/C9NR01422E, Paper
Paola Lova, Paolo Giusto, Francesco Di Stasio, Giovanni Manfredi, Giuseppe M. Paternò, Daniele Cortecchia, Cesare Soci, Davide Comoretto
We demonstrate state of the art polymer-perovskite microcavities obtained by protecting the polymer photonic structure from a broad-range perovskite solvent with a perfluorinated layer.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
10 Apr 01:04

A MAPbBr3:poly(ethylene oxide) composite perovskite quantum dot emission layer: enhanced film stability, coverage and device performance

Nanoscale, 2019, 11,9103-9114
DOI: 10.1039/C8NR10298H, Paper
Hongtao Yu, Yao Lu, Zengqin Feng, Yanan Wu, Ziwei Liu, Pengfei Xia, Jie Qian, Yanfeng Chen, Lihui Liu, Kun Cao, Shufen Chen, Wei Huang
MAPbBr3:poly(ethylene oxide) composite perovskite quantum dots as the emission layer of LEDs significantly enhance film coverage, device stability and electroluminescence performances.
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10 Apr 01:04

Overcoming intrinsic defects of the hole transport layer with optimized carbon nanorods for perovskite solar cells

Nanoscale, 2019, 11,8776-8784
DOI: 10.1039/C9NR01836K, Paper
Zhiqi Li, Jiajun Dong, Wenbin Han, Guanhua Ren, Chunyu Liu, Houxiao Cui, Liang Shen, Wenbin Guo
To overcome the intrinsic chemical-reduction-activity of highly p-doped PEDOT:PSS and improve the open-circuit voltage of planar inverted perovskite solar cells, an oxidized carbon nanorod is developed and incorporated into a PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer.
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10 Apr 01:03

Ultrafast carrier dynamics of metal halide perovskite nanocrystals and perovskite-composites

Nanoscale, 2019, 11,9796-9818
DOI: 10.1039/C9NR01745C, Review Article
Navendu Mondal, Apurba De, Somnath Das, Sumanta Paul, Anunay Samanta
Studies on ultrafast dynamics of various photo-induced processes in perovskite nanocrystals and their composites, and insights obtained from them are presented in this review.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
04 Apr 00:40

Inverse Optical Cavity Design for Ultrabroadband Light Absorption Beyond the Conventional Limit in Low‐Bandgap Nonfullerene Acceptor–Based Solar Cells

by Quan Liu, Johann Toudert, Tengfei Li, Mariia Kramarenko, Guillermo Martínez‐Denegri, Laura Ciammaruchi, Xiaowei Zhan, Jordi Martorell
Advanced Energy Materials Inverse Optical Cavity Design for Ultrabroadband Light Absorption Beyond the Conventional Limit in Low‐Bandgap Nonfullerene Acceptor–Based Solar Cells

A 1D ultrabroadband (>450 nm) optical cavity is designed following an inverse electromagnetic computational approach to optimally trap light in a thin film absorber layer. When this novel cavity concept is applied to a low bandgap organic solar cell, a broadband absorption enhancement is demonstrated beyond the conventional limit resulting from light trapping in an ergodic optical geometry.


Abstract

In the subwavelength regime, several nanophotonic configurations have been proposed to overcome the conventional light trapping or light absorption enhancement limit in solar cells also known as the Yablonovitch limit. It has been recently suggested that establishing such limit should rely on computational inverse electromagnetic design instead of the traditional approach combining intuition and a priori known physical effect. In the present work, by applying an inverse full wave vector electromagnetic computational approach, a 1D nanostructured optical cavity with a new resonance configuration is designed that provides an ultrabroadband (≈450 nm) light absorption enhancement when applied to a 107 nm thick active layer organic solar cell based on a low‐bandgap (1.32 eV) nonfullerene acceptor. It is demonstrated computationally and experimentally that the absorption enhancement provided by such a cavity surpasses the conventional limit resulting from an ergodic optical geometry by a 7% average over a 450 nm band and by more than 20% in the NIR. In such a cavity configuration the solar cells exhibit a maximum power conversion efficiency above 14%, corresponding to the highest ever measured for devices based on the specific nonfullerene acceptor used.