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Publication date: August 2021

Source: Nano Energy, Volume 86

Author(s): Muhammad Fahim, Irum Firdous, Weihai Zhang, Walid A. Daoud

Publication date: August 2021

Source: Nano Energy, Volume 86

Author(s): Shaobo Zhang, Ting Zhang, Zongguang Liu, Junzhuan Wang, Linwei Yu, Jun Xu, Kunji Chen, Pere Roca i Cabarrocas

A 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) self-assemble monolayer (SAM) is introduced on the surface of a SnO₂ electron-transporting layer to modify the SnO₂/perovskite interface in fully air-processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs). With suitable MPTMS SAM modification, a champion PSC with the efficiency of 20.03% is achieved. Moreover, the out-of-glovebox-processed PSCs show superior stabilities in ambient air.

Self-assemble monolayer (SAM) has been proven to be an effective interfacial layer to improve the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) SAM is used as an interlayer between the SnO₂ electron-transporting layer (ETL) and the perovskite film to modify fully air-processed PSCs. In the devices prepared by the two-step method, this MPTMS SAM interlayer can slow down the crystal growth of perovskite and smooth the surface of the SnO₂ ETL, which could induce a high-quality perovskite absorber. In contrast, it can passivate the SnO₂/perovskite interface to enhance the extraction efficiency of photogenerated electrons and restrain carrier recombination. As a result, with suitable MPTMS SAM modification, the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the fully air-processed PSCs is significantly improved from 16.62% to 18.75%, and the best device achieved a champion PCE over 20%. Moreover, the modified PSCs exhibit a good stability in ambient air. This research shows that the interface modification of MPTMS SAM is a feasible method for high-performance PSCs.

Lab-scale perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells are typically fabricated on thick, expensive float-zone silicon. Herein, tandem cells based on industry-compatible bottom cells are demonstrated which enable the same high efficiencies of ≈28% as lab-scale devices. Optical simulations reveal that adjustments of the top cell are required to further improve the efficiency of the industry-compatible devices.

Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells recently surpass the efficiency of silicon single-junction solar cells. Most tandem cells utilize >250 μm thick, planarized float-zone (FZ) silicon, which is not compatible with commercial production using <200 μm thick Czochralski (CZ) silicon. The perovskite/silicon tandem cells based on industrially relevant 100 μm thick CZ-silicon without mechanical planarization are demonstrated. The best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 27.9% is only marginally below the 28.2% reference value obtained on the commonly used front-side polished FZ-Si, which are about three times thicker. With both wafer types showing the same median PCE of 27.8%, the thin CZ-Si-based devices are preferred for economic reasons. To investigate perspectives for improved current matching and, therefore, further efficiency improvement, optical simulations with planar and textured silicon have been conducted: the perovskite's bandgap needs to be increased by ≈0.02 eV when reducing the silicon thickness from 280 to 100 μm. The need for bandgap enlargement has a strong impact on future tandem developments ensuring photostable compositions with lossless interfaces at bandgaps around or above 1.7 eV.

Polyvinylcarbazole is utilized as an efficient interfacial modifier in low-cost perovskite solar cells with a CuInS₂ hole transport layer and carbon back electrode in comparison to polymethylmethacrylate. By decreasing the charge-transfer resistance and interfacial recombination utilizing this modification at the interface of the perovskite and CuInS₂ layer and improving photovoltaic properties, an efficiency of 17.69% is reported for this promising structure.

Different polymers have been already introduced for passivating the interfacial defects at the interface of perovskite and the organic hole transport material, meanwhile as an environmental barrier in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, polyvinylcarbazole (PVK) compared to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) at the interface of the perovskite (Cs_0.05(MA_0.83FA_0.17)_0.95Pb(Br_0.17I_0.83)₃) layer and CuInS₂/carbon as a low-cost inorganic hole-collecting electrode are investigated. By suppressing interfacial recombination using PMMA and PVK, saturation current density (in dark current) decreases one order of magnitude from 7.9 × 10⁻¹⁰ to 4.0 × 10⁻¹¹ mA cm⁻² by adding PMMA and two orders of magnitude to 9.4 × 10⁻¹² mA cm⁻² by adding PVK. By decreasing charge-transfer resistance (measured by impedance spectroscopy), fill factor is increased (from 0.61) to 0.62 and 0.69, respectively. The efficiency of PSC with PVK/CuInS₂/carbon hole-collecting electrode is 17.69% that is significantly higher and more reproducible than that of PMMA/CuInS₂/carbon and CuInS₂/carbon hole-collecting electrodes. It seems these interfacial layers also act as a barrier against penetration of carbon black and CuInS₂ nanoparticles through the perovskite holes and have the functionality of a binder layer to improve the interfacial area.

The kinetics of light- and elevated-temperature-induced degradation (LeTID) in p-type cast-monosilicon passivated emitter rear contact solar cells are studied. It is found that the root cause of LeTID induced by light soaking or current injection is the same as confirmed by similar activation energies. Furthermore, the activation and deactivation of LeTID defects require injected excess carriers to participate.

Herein, the degradation and regeneration processes of p-type cast-monosilicon passivated emitter rear contact solar cells are investigated, by taking open-circuit voltage as a measure for the light- and elevated-temperature-induced degradation (LeTID) and regeneration extent. Degradation and regeneration are triggered by current injection and light soaking at the same temperatures. Then, an Arrhenius plot, derived from the proposed model, is used to extract the degradation and regeneration rate constants of LeTID during both current injection and light-soaking processes. The activation energies of degradation processes are calculated to be (0.790 ± 0.064) and (0.828 ± 0.013) eV for current injection and light soaking, respectively. The corresponding activation energies for regeneration processes are (1.059 ± 0.112) and (1.179 ± 0.070) eV, respectively. Notably, the similar activation energies indicate that the root cause of the LeTID induced by current injection or light soaking is the same. In addition, an exponential dependence of the rate constants upon the injection current values during the whole degradation and regeneration cycle induced by current injection is observed. These results are not only significant for understanding the kinetics of LeTID but also can shed light on effective LeTID suppression method in the photovoltaic industry.

Nonvolatile antioxidant additive–based dibutylhydroxytoluene with polar cyanide and perfluorinated (PF) alkyl chains is introduced in organic solar cells (OSCs). Adding the antioxidant containing the PF alkyl chain leads to superior photo-oxidation stability and high power conversion efficiency, simultaneously. Our results provide a promising method for effective fabrication of OSC modules under severe photo-oxidation conditions.

Apart from power conversion efficiency (PCE) being the most important feature that requires improvement for organic solar cells (OSCs), their long-term stability is another key factor for their successful commercialization. In fact, the lifetime of OSCs is severely limited by photoinduced oxidation, which occurs because of light radiation and the ingress of moisture (H₂O) and oxygen (O₂) within an ambient atmosphere. Herein, dibutylhydroxytoluene (BHT)-based nonvolatile antioxidant additives with polar cyanide (CN) and perfluorinated alkyl chains (designated as BHT–CN and BHT–PF) are developed, demonstrating that the OSCs will have significantly improved long-term stability by using them when exposed to the combined action of all the aforementioned stresses. In particular, the use of BHT–PF in the various given test-bed OSC systems can remarkably enhance the long-term stability, as well as the high initial PCEs similar to the maximized values obtained from the highly optimized OSCs with each well-known suitable solvent additive. The promising results are attributed to the simultaneously enhanced dielectric and radical scavenging properties induced by the BHT–PF embedded in the active-layer matrices. Taking its easy applicability into consideration, the BHT–PF is very useful in fabricating OSC modules that should be stable under severe photo-oxidation conditions.

Coadditive engineering (2-aminopyrazine and SnF₂) is introduced to obtain high-efficiency inorganic CsSnI₃ perovskite solar cells. 2-Aminopyrazine not only prevents SnF₂ aggregation and enhances film quality, but also retards the oxidation of Sn²⁺, leading to a reduced density of defects. The corresponding device shows a substantial increased power conversion efficiency to 5.12%.

The small optical bandgap of a CsSnI₃-based inorganic perovskite film makes it a hopeful candidate as an absorber layer in solar cell applications. Herein, a coadditive 2-aminopyrazine (APZ) in the precursor solution to form SnF₂−APZ complex with the aim to restrain Sn²⁺ oxidation and thus improve the CsSnI₃-based device performance is proposed. It is found that the amino group of APZ significantly suppresses oxidation of Sn²⁺ through a Lewis acid–base addition reaction. Consequently, the CsSnI₃-based mesoporous perovskite solar cells that use a printable c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/Al₂O₃/NiO/carbon framework with high reproducibility achieve a power conversion efficiency of 5.12%. This is a champion efficiency for fully inorganic CsSnI₃-based mesoporous devices reported up to now. Furthermore, after 60 days of storage in a N₂-filled glovebox, the device still maintains an initial efficiency of 92%.

Two isomers of naphthalene-based fused-decacyclic electron acceptors with the same end groups and side chains are precisely synthesized through the selection of different starting materials, to facilitate systematical elaboration of the effect of the linear- and nonlinear-shaped central cores on molecular packing, photoelectric properties, and photovoltaic performance of nonfullerene acceptors.

Two intermediates (dimethyl 3,7-dibromonaphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate and dimethyl 1,5-dibromonaphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate) are synthesized to realize the isomerization of naphthalene-based decacyclic fused-ring electron acceptors FTIC1 and FTIC2. The linear-shaped FTIC1 and nonlinear-shaped FTIC2 share the same terminal groups and side chains but different isomeric central cores. They share similar light absorption spectra in the 500–850 nm region and energy bandgaps, although FTIC2 shows a higher maximum molar absorptivity and electron mobility than FTIC1. Compared with the blend film of PM6/FTIC1, the active layer film of PM6/FTIC2 exhibits higher and more balanced hole and electron mobilities due to the influence of the nanoscale morphology. In terms of the photovoltaic performance of the organic solar cells, the FTIC2-based devices afford a higher efficiency of 11.7% with short-circuit current density (J _SC) of 17.2 mA cm⁻² than FTIC1-based devices (8.98%).

The full-scale mixed cation-doped FA _x Cs_1−x PbI₃ perovskites are synthesized and studied. The FA_0.6Cs_0.4PbI₃ perovskite solar cells exhibit more stable efficiency, the champion device reaches a power conversion efficiency of 20.40%. Meanwhile, the unencapsulated devices keep 90% of the initial efficiency when stored in air for 30 days.

FA _x Cs_1−x PbI₃ perovskites were considered promising candidates to accomplish the goals of high photoelectric conversion efficiency with great stability. Limited by the phase separation during fabrication through the conventional one-step method, the FA _x Cs_1−x PbI₃ perovskites with the x ratio lower than 0.7 were barely studied. Herein, the full-scale mixed cation-doped FA _x Cs_1−x PbI₃ perovskites are synthesized and studied. The bandgap of FA _x Cs_1−x PbI₃ perovskites gradually decreases from 1.69 to 1.58 eV with x increasing from 0.15 to 0.75, along with phase structure changes from tetragonal (β) to cubic (α). Under humidity or UV irradiation, the FA _x Cs_1−x PbI₃ perovskites phase separates to FA_0.92Cs_0.08PbI₃ perovskite and δ-CsPbI₃. The FA_0.60Cs_0.40PbI₃ perovskite solar cells exhibit more stable efficiency, the champion device reaches a power conversion efficiency of 20.40%. Meanwhile, the unencapsulated devices keep 90% of the initial efficiency when stored in air for 30 days, showing the potential for high stability photovoltaic devices.

The SnO₂ electron transport layer (ETL) is fabricated using natural and nontoxic phytic acid (PA)-complexed SnO₂ colloids. PA complexation can assemble unique coordination complexes between PA and SnO₂ nanocrystals (NCs) in a new bonding of SnOP, which can passivate SnO₂ inherent surface defects and tune the electronic properties of SnO₂ ETLs.

SnO₂ aqueous colloids as electron transport layers (ETLs) have been widely employed in planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the surface defects and energy level mismatch at the SnO₂ ETL/perovskite interface are still great challenges for the power conversion efficiency (PCE) improvement. Herein, a natural and nontoxic phytic acid (PA) compound is introduced into the SnO₂ aqueous colloids to prepare the ETL to depress its defects, and systematically study the influence of different PA complexation on the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. The results demonstrate that PA complexation can assemble unique coordination complexes between PA and SnO₂ nanocrystals (NCs) in a new bonding of SnOP, which can passivate SnO₂ inherent surface defects and tune the electronic properties of SnO₂ ETLs. PA complexation can significantly disaggregate the SnO₂ oligomers and reduce the cluster size distribution from 98.37 to 15.87 nm. Meanwhile, the reduction of surface trap states inhibits the potential barriers, thus the electrical conductivity is about two times as high as compared with the pristine SnO₂ ETLs. Consequently, a high PCE of 21.43% in PA-SnO₂-based PSCs is obtained, which presents an improvement of 10.9% over that of the pristine SnO₂-based PSCs.

A dual-functional polymer is introduced into a [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) layer to simultaneously modify the PCBM electron transport layer (ETL) and passivate the surface defects in the perovskite. The hybrid ETL exhibits excellent electronic properties and the ability to suppress the ion migration in perovskite solar cells, leading to a high power conversion efficiency of 21.13% and long-term stability.

Herein, the use of the polymer poly([N, N ′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)) (PNDI-2T) as both a dopant in the [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) electron transport layer (ETL) of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and a surface passivant on the perovskite layer is reported. The PNDI-2T doping is found to be crucial for improving the homogeneity of the ETL film with complete surface coverage, enhancing the electron mobility of the ETL, and promoting the energy level match between the perovskite and ETL, thereby significantly facilitating electron transport in the PSC devices. Furthermore, as a passivant, the PNDI-2T in the ETL tends to pin on the top surface of the perovskite layer via PbS coordination. The surface passivation is also beneficial for the suppression of ion migration and diffusion of metal species from the electrodes. In consequence, PSCs with the PCBM:PNDI-2T ETL reached an efficiency of 21.13% and retain 90% of their original performance after 860 h light soaking. This work will inspire new efforts to take advantage of multifunctional ETLs as a simple and effective method to enhance the performance and long-term stability of PSCs.

The interface passivation and performance enhancements of perovskite solar cell (PSCs) devices are realized by introducing few-layer nonmetallic element sulfur-doped graphite carbon nitride nanosheets in the SnO₂-based electron transport layer (ETL) at the first time, which is attributed to the enhanced electron mobility and conductivity of CNS-modified ETL, reduced interfacial trap state density, and improved crystallinity of perovskite film.

High-quality electron transport layer (ETL) is beneficial to improve the charge extraction and transport, which determines the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the unbalanced charge extraction and interface problems commonly occur in the tin oxide (SnO₂) ETL. Herein, the sulfur-doped graphite carbon nitride (CNS) nanosheets are prepared and utilized for modifying the SnO₂ ETL to fabricate high-performance PSCs. The CNS-modified SnO₂ ETL exhibits enhanced electron mobility and conductivity, and matched energy level with perovskite, which promotes the extraction and transport of charge carriers at the interface, and balances charge extraction with the hole transport layer. In addition, interfacial carrier recombination is significantly reduced through effective interface passivation of sulfur atoms in CNS with the undercoordinated lead ions in perovskite films. Meanwhile, the introduction of an interfacial control material CNS also contributes to improve the crystalline quality of perovskite films with increasing grain size and light absorption intensity. As a consequence, an outstanding improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 18.98% to 20.33% is achieved after introducing CNS into the SnO₂ ETL, as well as an enhancement in stability against humidity, retaining near 90% of the initial PCE after aging in the ambient atmosphere for 30 days.

Mixing chlorobenzene (CB) and H₂O in the perovskite precursor is an effective method to improve the direct contact between poly-TPD and the perovskite active layer. Inverted (p–i–n) perovskite solar cells based on the modified perovskite display efficient hole-interface charge transfer and suppression of the bulk and interfacial nonradiative recombination, thereby achieving an excellent power conversion efficiency of 22.1%.

Inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) suffer from perishing interface contact due to the non-wetting hole-transport layer (HTL). Herein, the several classes of solvent to the perovskite precursor (the process is defined as solvent-additive engineering) for achieving an improvement in the interface contact between nonwetting HTL and active perovskite layer, suitably achieving improved hole-interface charge transfer, are mixed. Also, a high-quality perovskite layer with high crystallinity, large grain distribution, and flat surface morphology is obtained based on solvent-additive engineering, which affords a lower bulk and interface trap density. IPSCs with the modified perovskite layer show suppression of nonradiative recombination on the surface and in the bulk of the perovskite, thereby achieving an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 20.6%. In addition, IPSCs using a mixed-cation perovskite (FA_0.83Cs_0.07MA_0.13PbI_2.64Br_0.39) are also fabricated and a highest efficiency of 22.1%, visualizing the broad applicability of this method, is achieved. This simple, low-cost, and efficient solvent-additive strategy can solve interface contact problems and improve perovskite quality, thus potentially giving rise to other applications.

Herein, the passivation and the selectivity of a range of common electron and hole transport layers to wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells are systematically quantified by comparing their internal voltage iV _oc, external voltage V _oc, and surface photovoltage SPV. The origins of voltage losses in these devices are explained and what limits the performance of the carrier transport layers is identified.

Excellent contact passivation and selectivity are prerequisites to realize the full potential of high-material-quality perovskite solar cells, first to maximize the internal voltage (or quasi-Fermi-level separation) iV within the absorber, then to translate this high internal voltage into a high external voltage V. Experimental quantification of contact passivation and selectivity is, thus, key to improving device performance. Here, open-circuit measurements of iV _oc and V _oc, combined with surface photovoltage measurements, are used to systematically quantify the passivation—using iV _oc as a metric—and the selectivity—defined as S _oc = V _oc/iV _oc—of a range of common carrier transport layers to wide-bandgap (1.67 eV) perovskite absorbers. The resulting solar cells suffer from large voltage deficits, particularly when NiO _x is used as the hole transport layer, even though it provides better passivation than its polymer-based counterparts (PTAA and PTAA/PFN). This indicates a poor selectivity of NiO _x (S _oc < 0.81 for NiO _x -based devices), whereas devices using polymer-based hole transport layers exhibit high selectivity (S _oc = 0.94–0.95). In agreement with recent reports, this low selectivity is attributed to the formation of an interlayer of non-perovskite material with high resistance to holes at the perovskite/NiO _x interface. These measurements also imply that the selectivity of the C60-based electron transport layers is relatively good.

An efficient polythiophene-based organic solar cell (OSC) is demonstrated based on a fluorinated polythiophene donor with deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level and appropriate miscibility with the acceptor. With further interfacial modification by a fullerene self-assembled monolayer, a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.65% for polythiophene-based OSCs is achieved with the device processed from nonhalogenated solvent.

Abstract

Benefiting from low cost and simple synthesis, polythiophene (PT) derivatives are one of the most popular donor materials for organic solar cells (OSCs). However, polythiophene-based OSCs still suffer from inferior power conversion efficiency (PCE) than those based on donor–acceptor (D–A)-type conjugated polymers. Herein, a fluorinated polythiophene derivative, namely P4T2F-HD, is introduced to modulate the miscibility and morphology of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ)-active layer, leading to a significant improvement of the OSC performance. The Flory–Huggins interaction parameters calculated from the surface energy and differential scanning calorimetry results suggest that P4T2F-HD shows moderate miscibility with the popular nonfullerene acceptor Y6-BO (2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-((12,13-bis(2-butyloctyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2′,3′:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile), while poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is very miscible with Y6-BO. As a result, the P4T2F-HD case forms desired nanoscale phase separation in the BHJ film while the P3HT case forms a completely mixed BHJ film, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). By optimizing the cathode interface and the morphology of the P4T2F-HD:Y6-BO films processed from nonhalogenated solvents, a new record PCE of 13.65% for polythiophene-based OSCs is demonstrated. This work highlights the importance of controlling D/A interactions for achieving desired morphology and also demonstrates a promising OSC system for potential cost-effective organic photovoltaics.

Nature Energy, Published online: 06 May 2021; doi:10.1038/s41560-021-00844-3

Publication date: 19 May 2021

Source: Joule, Volume 5, Issue 5

Author(s): Haibing Xie, Zaiwei Wang, Zehua Chen, Carlos Pereyra, Mike Pols, Krzysztof Gałkowski, Miguel Anaya, Shuai Fu, Xiaoyu Jia, Pengyi Tang, Dominik Józef Kubicki, Anand Agarwalla, Hui-Seon Kim, Daniel Prochowicz, Xavier Borrisé, Mischa Bonn, Chunxiong Bao, Xiaoxiao Sun, Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin, Lyndon Emsley

Publication date: 21 July 2021

Source: Joule, Volume 5, Issue 7

Author(s): Zeng Chen, Xu Chen, Ziyan Jia, Guanqing Zhou, Jianqiu Xu, Yuexia Wu, Xinxin Xia, Xufeng Li, Xuning Zhang, Chao Deng, Yuan Zhang, Xinhui Lu, Weimin Liu, Chunfeng Zhang, Yang (Michael) Yang, Haiming Zhu

Direct photogeneration of free charge carriers enabled by remarkably low exciton binding energies is demonstrated in the state-of-the-art nonfullerene acceptor of Y6 by a joint experimental and theoretical study. This results in efficient charge generation under small interfacial energy offsets in the high-efficiency nonfullerene organic solar cells.

Abstract

Organic solar cells (OSCs) with nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) exhibit efficient charge generation under small interfacial energy offsets, leading to over 18 % efficiency for the single-junction devices based on the state-of-the-art NFA of Y6. Herein, to reveal the underlying charge generation mechanisms, we have investigated the exciton binding energy (E _b) in Y6 by a joint theoretical and experimental study. The results show that owing to strong charge polarization effects, Y6 has remarkable small E _b of −0.11–0.15 eV, which is even lower than perovskites in many cases. Moreover, it is peculiar that the photoluminescence is enhanced with temperature, and the energy barrier for separating excitons into charges is evidently lower than the thermal energy according to the temperature dependence of photoluminescence, manifesting direct photogeneration of charge carriers enabled by weak E _b in Y6. Thus, charge generation in NFA-based OSCs shows little dependence on interfacial driving forces.

A novel hierarchical structure with CoO nanoplates underneath and (N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-Spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) on top is fabricated by one-step spin-coating the hybrid. This in situ formed CoO thin passivation layer shows functions for realizing better charge transport kinetics and effectively inhibiting dark recombination in the corresponding device, which contribute to better photovoltaic performance and long-term stability than those of the control one.

Abstract

Interface engineering plays crucial role for fabricating high efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because the trap defects, especially those existing at the interfaces, will become recombination centers during the generation and transport of photo-generated charges and seriously influence photovoltaic performance. Commonly, interface engineering with semiconductor nanomaterials usually use ex situ method, which brings about more tedious fabricating steps. Here, a hierarchical structure is successfully fabricated with CoO nanoplates underneath and (N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-Spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) on top by one-step spin-coating the hybrid. This in situ formed CoO thin passivation layer shows functions for realizing better charge transport kinetics and effectively inhibiting dark recombination in the corresponding device. These benefits are propitious to achieving better photovoltaic performance and long-term stability than those of the control one. Therefore, it is an easy and feasible way for interface engineering in the PSCs.