"I guess I am thinking a lot about the early 2000s lately, like a lot of people, I think, in their 30s."
That’s one of the first things writer, game designer, and podcaster Merritt K said to me in early November. At this moment, everything about gaming, and being online generally, was fundamentally easier than it was at the turn of the century. You can now play intensive triple-A games on a cheap phone, given a cloud gaming subscription and a decent wireless connection. You can set up a chat room, build an online presence, even publish videos, instantaneously, for free. Performance-minded and customizable PC gaming hardware is just a few clicks and a couple days away from showing up at your door.
And yet we're both hopelessly wistful for something else entirely: LAN parties. Merritt K so much so that she's writing, compiling, and crowdfunding a book: LAN Party. It's a collection of original amateur photos—many upscaled through AI—and short essays on a period when multiplayer gaming meant desktop towers, energy drinks, and being physically present in some awkward spaces. It's been in the works for more than a year, but she's been thinking about it much longer.
"Some reasons for that are just nostalgia, like, 'Remember when you were a teen, listening to emo music, going to LAN parties and stuff.' But there is another aspect of it, where the Internet that I think a lot of like, Gen X, elder millennial, or mid-millennial-aged people grew up with, is basically falling apart," Merritt K said. "We've felt like this thing that was so important to me, Internet culture and being online and tech and all this stuff—it was so hard to be growing up, and it gave me a way to talk to people and make connections.
"And now it's like the opposite of that. Real life is where you can have meaningful interactions with people, and online is where you have to present this brand, this manicured identity. I think one thing that appeals to people, and to me, about LAN parties is they're kind of emblematic of this earlier era of tech, when things were a little rougher around the edges."
(credit: Lewis van den Berg-Shaw)
From late-night tweet to AI upscaling
The decline of truly DIY consumer tech, the 20-year nostalgia window, the isolation of COVID-19—some or all of these guided a late-night tweet of Merritt K's in September 2021 to nearly 100,000 likes. Over four harshly lit images of people wearing patently millennium-era clothing: "I want to produce a coffee table book that's just pictures of LAN parties from the 90s and 2000s." Two minutes later: "Do not steal this idea it's mine someone please publish this."
Someone is indeed publishing this: the UK-based videogame history publisher Read-Only Memory. Merritt K sought out original photos and heard from hundreds of eager fans. Some had to dig through old media and hope entropy had yet to set in. Some still had image folders sitting on long-neglected but public web servers. Merritt K had seen many of the famous LAN party memes—the San Antonio Spurs playing StarCraft on a plane next to their NBA championship trophy, the guy duct-taped to a ceiling—but was taken aback by how rich the lesser-known photos she received were.
"The composition in some of these is, accidentally, so good," Merritt K said. "They just reveal so much about the era in terms of the fashions, the food, the drinks, even the interior decor. I think that resonated with a lot of other people, too."
The people who frequented LAN parties tended to be early adopters, and that included digital photography—grainy, yellow-timestamped, single-digit-megapixel, point-and-shoot digital photography. Untrained photographers shooting with Y2K-era gear in dimly lit spaces lent the photos Merritt K collected a lot of charm but also made many of them impossible to publish in high-resolution print.
Enter Gigapixel AI, learning software that can upscale images up to 600 percent. Gigapixel upscaled famous 1896 films of trains arriving, helped another AI claim a controversial art fair win, and further blurred the line between digital photo and illustration. Some interesting photos had to be left out because they were just too dark or blurry, even with AI help. Others made Merritt K and her editors question the line between the dark-basement reality and needing images that worked in a physical book. It was a tricky balance, Merritt K said, but the overall spirit was enlightenment and entertainment, not light-balance accuracy.
(credit: James Joplin)
What killed the LAN party?
Digital photography would vastly improve as the century progressed, but LAN parties would mostly disappear. The reasons for this are strange and contradictory, Merritt K said.
"LAN parties started declining as broadband became more prominent, but, weirdly, the other thing that's happening in computers at that time is gaming laptops becoming more of a thing," she said. "And flat-screen monitors that can at least compete with older, bulkier tube monitors. … You have these photos of guys with huge monitors, crammed into the back of their mom's minivan or whatever, it's a lot. A few years later, just as it would be so much less onerous to do this, they stop."
The games, and their economics, certainly drove this shift. Company-hosted multiplayer servers helped cut down on piracy, opened up new revenue streams, and, certainly, made finding opponents on a moment's notice much easier. But now, even if you wanted to put together an old-school LAN event and experience some of the lowest latency possible in gaming, there are nowhere near as many games that would support it.
Something else went missing when the LAN party era ended, and it's likely harder to reproduce. A quote from a veteran gamer on the LAN Party funding page reminisces about "this strange alternate universe where the captain of the football team hung out with the science fair nerds." The ethnic diversity of LAN parties wasn't typically impressive, though Merritt K notes finding more women and people of color than she expected in her archive dig. But communities were more easily cohered and moderated.
"When you have to meet in person to play the games you're playing, whether at an arcade or a LAN party, it's harder—not impossible, but harder—to be a total asshole, because people will ask you to leave," she said. "Whereas online, you're dependent on tools for reporting or blocking, and you can easily assume someone else will do it."
(credit: Jared Lauer)
If the people more easily cohered, the computers at LAN parties were heterogeneous: "a sheer anarchy of cases, desktop layouts, and diverse approaches to building," Merritt K said. It's a stark contrast to today's standardized shapes and specs for a mid-tower, an ultrabook, a gaming laptop with one of a handful of accent light colors. Computers were a consumer product by the early 2000s, but with a lot more variation. People would show off their systems at LAN gatherings, get tips from other builders, and even trade or donate parts from older rigs and designs.
In curating a book of LAN party photos, Merritt K inadvertently captures many other aspects of that culture at that time: Cameron Diaz posters, JNCO jeans, BAWLS Guarana sculptures, and all the interior and office design choices of the time. I asked Merritt K how she felt about being an archaeologist for an obscure but distinct part of history. She didn't think of their work that way and noted she wasn't a part of the scene herself—she only had lower-spec Dell or Gateway PCs on hand during that time.
So LAN Party is not a definitive survey. But it is an important time capsule, part of the reason why Merritt K followed through on her seemingly offhand Twitter idea.
"Some people might say, 'Oh, this is just a bunch of idiots having fun.' But that's a lot of what culture, what human history is, though, idiots having fun. It was a really entertaining project in itself, and the idea that it might be useful, or historically relevant in the future, that's cool, too."
