02 Dec 13:32
by Ritesh Kant Gupta,
D. Kishore Kumar,
Vediappan Sudhakar,
Johannes M. Beckedahl,
Antonio Abate,
Eugene A. Katz,
Iris Visoly‐Fisher
The commonly used lifetime indicator T80 of perovskite solar cells is shown to be season/ climate dependent by outdoor measurements. The climate parameter mainly affecting the lifetime is the ambient temperature, while the solar irradiance plays a more minor role. Indoor light cycling experiments combined with temperature cycling are suggested to provide closely related simulation for outdoor lifetime/degradation.
Abstract
The critical challenge for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is their operational stability. PSCs’ outdoor operation exposes the cells to a combination of stress factors that are difficult to reproduce by indoor testing due to diurnal and seasonal variations. This highlights the need for outdoor testing under operational conditions. The effect of climate conditions on outdoor operational lifetime/ degradation of n-i-p PSCs is systematically studied herein. Their lifetime indicators are determined in different seasons, and correlated with the outdoor irradiance and temperatures measured simultaneously. Based on this outdoor measurement analysis and indoor light cycling stability tests, it is suggested that ambient temperatures induce a more significant effect than the irradiance on the PSC's lifetime/ degradation. The study also suggests different roles played by the temperatures during the diurnal light versus dark periods: the day/ light time maximum temperatures have a more significant effect on the long-term degradation. In contrast, minimum temperatures during the night/ dark cycles significantly affected the diurnal reversible degradation and the initial fast degradation. The results show that the commonly used lifetime indicators T80 and T50 are climate-dependent, and their use for comparative purposes is valid only if measured in similar climatic conditions.
02 Dec 03:40
Energy Environ. Sci., 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4EE03316G, Paper
Lifei He, Yuyan Zhang, Bing Zhang, Yanfei Mu, Niansheng Xu, Yaohang Cai, Yi Yuan, Jing Zhang, Min Zhang, Peng Wang
A copolymer of triphenylamine and ethylenedioxythiophene affords stable perovskite solar cells with an average efficiency of 25.4%.
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26 Nov 12:21
by Yao Xu,
Jiangkai Yu,
Songtao Liu,
Fei Tang,
Nanxi Ma,
Kai Zhang,
Fei Huang
This study demonstrates that the incorporation of the multifunctional ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide into multicomponent perovskite films significantly improves the efficiency and stability of solar cells through precise surface potential homogenization. This strategy achieves an ultra-high power conversion efficiency of 20.44% for wide-bandgap devices (1.81 eV) and increases the efficiency of conventional bandgap devices (1.53 eV) to 25.41%.
Abstract
The synthesis of multicomponent metal halide perovskites (MHPs) by cationic and/or halide alloying allows band gap tuning, optimizing performance and improving stability. However, these multicomponent materials often suffer from compositional, structural, and property inhomogeneities, leading to uneven carrier transport and significant non-radiative recombination losses in lead halide perovskites. While many researchers have focused on the aggregation of perovskite halide ions, the impact of the surface potential has received relatively less attention. In this study, the multifunctional ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazole dicyanamide (AMI) is introduced into the perovskite precursor to effectively regulate the surface potential of the perovskite layer. This approach inhibits non-radiative recombination, enhances carrier injection, and improves device performance. Surface potential homogenization within the perovskite layer leads to simultaneous improvements in both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. For wide-bandgap perovskites (1.81 eV), the optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) reaches 20.44%, with an open-circuit voltage (V
oc) of 1.339 V, a short-circuit current density (J
sc) of 17.92 mA cm−2, and a high fill factor (FF) of 85%. This strategy also proved effective for conventional bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) (1.53 eV), leading to a significant increase in performance, with the PCE increasing from 23.22% to 25.41%.
26 Nov 12:19
by Furkan H. Isikgor,
Rakesh R. Pradhan,
Shynggys Zhumagali,
Temur Maksudov,
Dipti Naphade,
Christopher E. Petoukhoff,
Jafar I. Khan,
Vladyslav Hnapovskyi,
George T. Harrison,
Craig Combe,
Jiang Liu,
Adam Marsh,
Essa A. Alharbi,
Martin Heeney,
Frédéric Laquai,
Udo Schwingenschlögl,
Thomas D. Anthopoulos,
Stefaan De Wolf
The self-assembly of N719 dye on ITO is shown to create a promising hole-selective and self-passivated contact for the fabrication of p–i–n perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with power conversion efficiencies reaching 23.8%. The N719 self-assembled monolayer (SAM) based PSCs have also shown superior stability compared to state-of-the-art PSCs incorporating carbazole SAMs and polyarylamine hole-selective contacts.
Abstract
Surface modification of transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) with carbazole-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is an effective method toward the formation of highly efficient hole-selective contacts, enabling the fabrication of high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the lack of long-term structural and performance stability of the TCO/SAM/perovskite stack endangers the market entry of PSCs. Here, it is demonstrated that these challenges can be overcome by employing dyes as multi-functional SAMs, simultaneously facilitating charge transport, passivating interfacial defects, and acting as a “molecular adhesive” layer, preserving structural integrity of the contact stack. Particularly, the surface modification of ITO with a dye (N719) monolayer is shown to create a hole-selective contact for the fabrication of p–i–n PSCs with power conversion efficiencies reaching 24%. The N719 SAM-based PSCs have also shown superior stability compared to state-of-the-art PSCs incorporating carbazole SAMs and polyarylamine hole-selective contacts by preserving ≈90% of their initial PCE under continuous light and thermal stress tests for 1000 h. The robustness of the ITO/N719/perovskite stack is attributed to its low interfacial trap density, UV resilience and strong adhesion capability. These findings place dye SAMs as a promising alternative for improving the performance of next-generation photovoltaics.
26 Nov 12:19
by Hang Dong,
Jinsong Qu,
Xin Yue,
Yue Zhao,
Weidong Wang,
Dazheng Chen,
Weidong Zhu,
He Xi,
Long Zhou,
Jincheng Zhang,
Gang Lu,
Chunfu Zhang,
Yue Hao
A useful crystallization dynamics dual modulation strategy via the effective integration of the GA+-doping strategy (G-DS) and the N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)-doping strategy (N-DS) doping strategy is proposed in this study. Through the investigation of the interaction between the crystallization dynamics and the perovskite film quality, strain-complemented perovskite films with a compact, uniform surface texture and micro-meter-sized grains are successfully fabricated.
Abstract
A novel cooperative regulatory strategy is proposed in this work to optimize the crystallization dynamics of Formamidinium (FA)-based perovskite materials, which is achieved by meticulously incorporating the organic molecule guanidinium (GA+) and the high boiling point organic solvents N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) into the perovskite precursor solution synergistically. This findings indicated that the GA+ doping strategy (G-DS) is toward to inhibits the formation of α-phase perovskite crystals owing to its larger ionic radius, thereby promoting the formation of perovskite films with enlarged grain size. Simultaneously, the NMP-doping strategy (N-DS) has assisted controllable crystallization dynamics in as-cast films by optimizing nucleation density and crystal growth rate through a delayed supersaturated environment induced re-dissolution function. Briefly, it can assume that the crystallization dynamics dual modulation strategy enables the realization of high-quality perovskite film with micro-meter sized perovskite grain, appropriate internal strain and a compact, dense surface texture. The optimized films therefore exhibits powerful exciton separation energy, suppressed charge carrier recombination and reduces series resistance, leading to a remarkable champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.38% and exceptional reliability, retaining 93.09% of their initial PCE after storage the unencapsulated devices in a moisture-rich environment for 2160 h.
26 Nov 12:19
by Wenguang Liu,
Rui Chen,
Zhengtian Tan,
Jianan Wang,
Sanwan Liu,
Chenyang Shi,
Xiaoxuan Liu,
Yong Cai,
Fumeng Ren,
Zheng Zhou,
Qisen Zhou,
Wenpei Li,
Tianyin Miao,
He Zhu,
Tahir Imran,
Zonghao Liu,
Wei Chen
In this study, a large-area preparation technology for self-assembled monolayer (SAM) layers is successfully developed based on NiO
x
/mesoporous Al2O3 sponge as the adsorbent carrier for SAM solution, combined with the dip-coating process. The modified perovskite solar modules (PSMs) achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.66% (aperture area:11.09 cm2) and 20.14% (aperture area:113.00 cm2), one of the highest for minimodules blade-coating in an air environment.
Abstract
Achieving high efficiency over large areas remains a significant bottleneck in commercializing perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Recent advancements in passivation technology, especially using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to address buried interface defects, have been instrumental in boosting the efficiency of PSCs. However, SAMs' compactness, uniformity, and wettability are crucial factors influencing the quality of perovskite films. This study presents a buried interface layer based on NiO
x
/mesoporous Al2O3 sponge as a carrier for SAM solution adsorption, combined with a dip coating process, successfully developing a large-area preparation technology for SAM layers. The results indicate that the compact SAM layer deposited by this approach effectively passivates buried interface defects on a large scale, while the enhanced wettability of the Al2O3 layer aids in eliminating interfacial voids. The modified PSCs with an active area of 0.09 cm2 achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.46%. The device attains a champion PCE of 22.66%, marking one of the highest efficiencies reported for p-i-n PSMs prepared via large-area coating in mini-modules (10–200 cm2) under air ambient conditions. Moreover, encapsulated devices retain 93.8% of their initial PCE after 1000 h of continuous operation under one-sun equivalent intensity at 65 °C in an air environment.
26 Nov 12:18
by Xixi Ma,
Xiuying Yang,
Ming Wang,
Ru Qin,
Dongfang Xu,
Chaowen Lan,
Kui Zhao,
Zhike Liu,
Binxun Yu,
Jing Gou,
Shengzhong Frank Liu
An organic-salt neostigmine-methyl-sulfate (NMS), featuring with C═O, S═O, ─N(CH3)3
+ and CH3OSO3
−, is utilized to optimize the crystallization process and passivate surface defects for high-quality perovskite films. The NMS-treated perovskite solar cell (PSC) achieves a remarkable champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.95% and retains 89.39% of their initial PCE after 50 days at 25 °C and relative humidity approximately 30%.
Abstract
Trap-mediated nonradiative charge recombination poses a significant obstacle to achieving high-efficiency and stability in metal-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Utilizing the interactions between functional groups of molecules and perovskite defects as surface defect passivation strategies is a common approach in addressing this challenge. Nevertheless, the challenge lies in developing a comprehensive molecule capable of effectively depressing and passivating different charged defects. This study explores a multifunctional organic salt neostigmine methyl sulfate (NMS), to finely regulate the crystallization of perovskite film, thereby minimizing defects and passivating surface defects. The C═O and S═O of NMS coordinate with Pb2+, while the oxygen atoms of S═O interact with FA+ through hydrogen bonds (O∙∙∙H─N). The interactions involving S─O− with Pb2+ ions and ─N(CH3)3
+ with the negative halide ions are predominantly electrostatic interactions. Therefore, through NMS treatment, the crystallization process of perovskite film is delayed, energy levels are optimized, and the surface defects are effectively passivated. This leads to a notable decrease in defect density and an improved alignment of perovskite energy levels, enhancing carrier transfer and extraction within the device. Consequently, a stabilized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.95% is achieved. Even after 50 d, the device maintains its environmental stability retaining 89.39%.
26 Nov 12:17
by Ying Zhou,
Yiqing Zhang,
Lin Zhang,
Haotian Wu,
Yu Zhou,
Xiaoyi Xu,
Jinyang Yu,
Xiaoling Wu,
Jiamin Xie,
Weifei Fu,
Gang Wu,
Hongzheng Chen
An aromatic imidazole diammonium, 2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)ethylammonium, is successfully applied as a new spacer for 2D DJ perovskites, which exhibit lower exciton binding energy of 67.8 meV and better carrier transport capability due to the increased dielectric constant. The corresponding device based on (HE)(MA0.75FA0.25)4Pb5I16 achieves a champion PCE of 18.40% and presents improved environmental stability and operational stability.
Abstract
2D Dion–Jacobson (2D DJ) perovskites are considered as promising photovoltaic materials due to their structural stability and spacer designability. Here, a spacer cation with an aromatic imidazole ring, 2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)ethylammonium (HE), is successfully applied to construct 2D DJ perovskite. It's found that the high polarity of the HE spacer strengthens the interaction between organic and inorganic layers and reduces the exciton binding energy to 67.8 meV, resulting in promoted charge dissociation, compared with the aliphatic 1,4-butanediammonium (BDA) spacer with a similar length. The HE spacer enlarges the micelle size in precursor solution and suppresses the formation of low-n value phases. In consequence, the HE-based perovskite film exhibits better quality than the BDA-based one, with lower defect density and longer carrier lifetime. The optimized device based on (HE)(MA0.75FA0.25)4Pb5I16 film achieves a champion power conversion efficiency up to 18.40%, much higher than that of the BDA-based device (15.03%). Besides, the unencapsulated device based HE exhibits improved moisture and thermal stability.
26 Nov 12:16
by Zhihao Long,
Cheng Peng,
Kaiwen Dong,
Haokun Jiang,
Mingzhe Zhu,
Wenjian Yan,
Yufei Dong,
Wenjuan Jiang,
Lirong Wen,
Xiaoqing Jiang,
Zhongmin Zhou
![Supramolecular Cucurbit[5]uril Modulates the Buried SnO2/Perovskite Interface for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/ec072849-32bf-410b-a239-faa214d5667f/adfm202408818-gra-0001-m.png)
Featuring numerous carbonyl groups, a supramolecular cucurbit[5]uril is introduced to effectively passivate defects in SnO2 and perovskite via coordination bonding interactions to afford devices with high efficiency and outstanding operational stability.
Abstract
Reducing non-radiative recombination caused by defects at buried interfaces is crucial to the development of efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, supramolecular cucurbit[5]uril (CB[5]) is introduced into the SnO2 layer, where it engages in host–guest interactions to suppress oxygen vacancies in SnO2, prevent particle aggregation, and enhance the electron mobility of SnO2. By serving as a bridging agent at the buried interface between SnO2 and the perovskite layer, CB[5] reduces the defect density and improves the carrier extraction efficiency. It also enhanced the surface energy of the SnO2 substrate, facilitates the formation of large grains in the perovskite film, alleviates residual lattice stresses, and enhances the film quality. Consequently, the PSC with CB[5] shows a champion power conversion efficiency of 24.83%. Moreover, an unencapsulated device incorporating CB[5] retains more than 87% of its initial PCE under continuous illumination at the maximum power point tracking for 1000 h. This study pioneers the utilization of cucurbiturils in PSCs and provides insights into how supramolecular compounds can regulate buried interfaces.
26 Nov 12:16
by Weideren Dai, Yule Zhang, Pan Deng, Wei Zhang, Shihao He, Yanzhuo Gou, Xian Xie, Kai Zhang, Jinhua Li, Liangyou Lin, and Xianbao Wang
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c14573
26 Nov 12:15
by Wajid Ali, Xiaotao Liu, Panwang Zhou, Zhaochi Feng, Wei Qin, and Can Li
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c13056
26 Nov 12:14
by Feifei Wang,
Tianxiao Liu,
Yangyang Liu,
Yuhan Zhou,
Xiaorui Dong,
Yaoyao Zhang,
Xiaoyu Shi,
Yunjie Dou,
Zhijun Ren,
Lingyuan Wang,
Yu Zhao,
Siwei Luo,
Xiaodong Hu,
Xiaoxiao Peng,
Chunxiong Bao,
Wei Wang,
Jingyang Wang,
Wenbing Hu,
Shangshang Chen
A novel polymeric hole transporter named Poly-DBPP with centrosymmetric biphosphonic acid groups is developed that can anchor to the underlying conductive substrate and interact with the perovskite layer simultaneously. Poly-DBPP improves the efficiencies of blade-coated perovskite solar cells and large-area modules to 25.1% and 22.0%, respectively.
Abstract
Self-assembly monolayer (SAM) hole transporters, consisting of anchoring, spacer, and terminal groups, have played a significant role in the development of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the weak interaction between perovskite and hydrophobic terminal group of SAMs limits surface wettability and interface stability. To address this issue, two novel hole transporters (named DBPP and Poly-DBPP) with centrosymmetric biphosphonic acid groups are developed. Unlike conventional SAM hole transporters, the biphosphonic acid groups in DBPP and Poly-DBPP can anchor to the underlying conductive substrate and interact with the perovskite layer simultaneously, improving surface wettability and suppressing interface recombination. Furthermore, compared to the small-molecular DBPP, Poly-DBPP exhibits higher conductance and excellent uniformity. This translates to a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 25.1% for blade-coated PSCs and 22.0% for large-area modules, respectively. Additionally, the PSCs based on Poly-DBPP demonstrate impressive operational stability, retaining 92% of their initial PCE after 1,600 h of light soaking. This work presents a promising strategy for designing multifunctional hole transporters, paving the way for highly efficient and stable PSCs.
26 Nov 12:14
by Sanwan Liu,
Zhenxing Sun,
Xia Lei,
Tianyin Miao,
Qisen Zhou,
Rui Chen,
Jianan Wang,
Fumeng Ren,
Yongyan Pan,
Yong Cai,
Zhengtian Tan,
Wenguang Liu,
Xiaoxuan Liu,
Jingbai Li,
Yong Zhang,
Baomin Xu,
Zonghao Liu,
Wei Chen
In this study, the relationship between the configuration of the studied amino pyridine derivatives and their passivation effects has been meticulously investigated to enhance the electrical properties of perovskite surfaces, which enable the inverted FA1-xCsxPbI3 PSC to yield an encouraging efficiency of 25.65% (certified 25.45%, certified steady-state efficiency 25.06%) with the tailored 3-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine (3-PyEA) surface passivator.
Abstract
Formamidinium-cesium lead triiodide (FA1-xCsxPbI3) perovskite holds great promise for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with both high efficiency and stability. However, the defective perovskite surfaces induced by defects and residual tensile strain largely limit the photovoltaic performance of the corresponding devices. Here, the passivation capability of alkylamine-modified pyridine derivatives for the surface defects of FA1-xCsxPbI3 perovskite is systematically studied. Among the studied surface passivators, 3-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine (3-PyEA) with the suitable size is demonstrated to be the most effective in reducing surface iodine impurities and defects (VI and I2) through its strong coordination with Npyridine. Additionally, the tail amino group (─NH2) from 3-PyEA can react with FA+ cations to reduce the surface roughness of perovskite films, and the reaction products can also passivate FA vacancies (VFA), and further strengthen their binding interaction to perovskite surfaces. These merits lead to suppressed nonradiative recombination loss, the release of residual tensile stress for the perovskite films, and a favorable energy-level alignment at the perovskite/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester interface. Consequently, the resulting inverted FA1-xCsxPbI3 PSCs obtain an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.65% (certified 25.45%, certified steady-state efficiency 25.06%), along with retaining 96.5% of the initial PCE after 1800 h of 1-sun operation at 55 °C in air.
26 Nov 02:07
Energy Environ. Sci., 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4EE03778B, Paper
Shitao Guan, Yaokai Li, ZhaoZhao Bi, Yi Lin, Yuang Fu, Kangwei Wang, Mengting Wang, Wei Ma, Jianlong Xia, Zaifei Ma, Zheng Tang, Xinhui Lu, Lijian Zuo, Hanying Li, Hongzheng Chen
The dual-additive strategy forms balanced crystallization and phase separation, with a record efficiency of 20.52% (certified 19.92%) achieved.
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25 Nov 10:53
by Dou Luo,
Lifu Zhang,
Jie Zeng,
Hongyang Zhang,
Lanqing Li,
Tingting Dai,
Baomin Xu,
Erjun Zhou,
Aung Ko Ko Kyaw,
Yiwang Chen,
Wai‐Yeung Wong
A metal complex acceptor (MCA), PtAC-Cl, is synthesized and incorporated into the upper host acceptor layer of PM6/Y6 to regulate morphology and fill trap states. A high PCE of 18.16% in PM6/Y6:PtAC-Cl devices is achieved with a T
80 lifetime of ≈401 h under continuous illumination at MPP tracking and 1265 h under continuous heating at 70 °C.
Abstract
Modulating self-aggregation and charge transport in the upper acceptor layer of the pseudo planar heterojunction (PPHJ) is crucial for enhancing dielectric constant and suppressing trap density, leading to efficient and stable organic photovoltaics (OPVs). In this work, a metal complex acceptor (MCA), PtAC-Cl, is selectively incorporated into the upper host Y6 layer of PPHJ to regulate morphology and fill trap states. There exists a strong chemical interaction between PtAC-Cl and Y6, which can promote electron transfer. PtAC-Cl can regulate the self-aggregation and extend the exciton diffusion length of Y6, resulting in enhanced charge transport and reduced energetic disorder. Consequently, upper layer-modulated PPHJ devices with PtAC-Cl achieved a significant power conversion efficiency of 18.16%. The universality of PtAC-Cl is also demonstrated in PM6/eC9 and PM6/L8-BO systems, achieving the highest PCEs of 18.79 and 19.30%, respectively. All the improved PCEs are mainly attributed to the enhanced fill factor (FF) and short circuit current (J
sc) compared with the controls. Additionally, PtAC-Cl significantly improves the thermal stability and photostability of the devices, with a T
80 lifetime of ≈ 401 h under continuous illumination with simulated 1-Sun light and 1265 h under continuous heating at 70 °C. Overall, this work introduces the concept of MCA and proposes a practical and efficient method to enhance the efficiency and stability of OPVs through selective upper-layer modulation in PPHJ with MCA.
25 Nov 10:53
by Ben Chen,
Chencheng Peng,
Runda Guo,
Zhiyuan He,
Liang Sun,
Feihu Zhang,
Xiping He,
Haibo Zeng,
Lei Wang
New dual-function SAMs are developed by employing strong electron withdrawing groups and anchoring group the phosphonic acid. C-2PACz-based thermally evaporated sky-blue PeLEDs obtains a champion EQE of 10.41% @65.59 cd m−2. This work provides new insights into design strategies for dual-function SAMs to achieve higher performance in PeLEDs.
Abstract
Thermally evaporated perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) hold immense potential for future applications in the display industry. However, the performance of blue PeLEDs is far behind, one of the most important reasons is the lack of suitable hole-transporting materials. Herein, the study designs and synthesizes a new class of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) materials, namely, (2-(3,6-bis(4-formylphenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid (C-2PACz) and (2-(3,6-bis(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid (S-2PACz). First, the phosphonic acid is induced to form bidentate bonds with ITO. Second, the strong electron-withdrawing groups are integrated to increase the electron cloud density of the termini contacting with perovskite, which enhances the electrostatic interaction with the Pb2+, reduces the interfacial defects. These advantages improve their carrier transport ability and reduce the non-radiative recombination at the interface. Meanwhile, it is found that compound C-2PACz possessing the smaller steric hindrance makes the SAMs have a more homogeneous film and a better interfacial passivation effect. By employing C-2PACz as hole-transporting layer in blue PeLEDs with metal halides as the emitting layer, the device exhibits a high brightness (1843 cd m−2) and a maximum external quantum efficiency (10.41% @65.59 cd m−2), which among the best of reported thermally evaporated sky-blue PeLEDs. The work provides new insights into design strategies for dual-function SAMs to achieve higher performance in PeLEDs.
25 Nov 10:24
J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12,33595-33605
DOI: 10.1039/D4TA06877G, Paper
Jinjiang Wang, Dongjie Wang, Dang Xu, Yang Zhang, Tianhuan Huang, Doudou Zhang, Zheling Zhang, Jian Xiong, Yu Huang, Jian Zhang
A 19.12% efficiency in MPSCs was achieved by manipulating crystallization and managing defects via introducing dicyandiamide.
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25 Nov 10:22
J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4TA06361A, Paper
Open Access
Joana Ferreira Machado, Jeremy Hieulle, Aline Vanderhaegen, Alex Redinger
An Sn-based perovskite was synthesized with no detectable Sn(+4). Upon illumination in vacuum for 61 h, it was shown that SnI2 is formed at the surface of the absorber with traces of Sn(0) and no Sn(+4).
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22 Nov 07:59
Energy Environ. Sci., 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D4EE04149F, Paper
Open Access
Cheng Sun, Jianxiao Wang, Fuzhen Bi, Huanxiang Jiang, Chunming Yang, Yonghai Li, Junhao Chu, Xichang Bao
Star-shaped oligomer acceptor represents a promising candidate to high-performance and robust organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the limited diversity of this community acceptors leaves a significant knowledge gap regarding their...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
21 Nov 13:06
by Yongwen Lang,
Hanjian Lai,
Yuang Fu,
Ruijie Ma,
Patrick W. K. Fong,
Heng Li,
Kuan Liu,
Xuechun Yang,
Xinhui Lu,
Tiangang Yang,
Gang Li,
Feng He
Linear and branch side chains on chemical structures lead to the unique crystal structures of the elliptical and rectangular frameworks, respectively. The difference in intermolecular interaction significantly impacts the self-aggregation tendency and compatibility with a guest acceptor. It found that excessive crystallinity with great self-aggregation negatively affected molecular packing, while a moderate crystalline collaborated well with the guest acceptor and achieved a state-of-the-art efficiency of 19.28% based on scalable and stable halogen-free solvent-processed organic solar cells.
Abstract
Two highly crystalline 2D acceptors, ATIC-C11 and ATIC-BO, with acenaphthene-expanded quinoxaline central cores, have been demonstrated with very different characteristics in ternary organic solar cells (OSCs). The difference in side chains induces their distinctive molecular packing mode and unique crystal structure, in which ATIC-C11 displays a 3D structure with an elliptical framework, and ATIC-BO gives a rectangular framework. Their high crystallinity contributes to organized molecular packing in ternary devices, thus low energetic disorder and suppressed energy loss. Through the analysis of morphology and carrier kinetics, it is found that ATIC-BO's strong self-aggregation and immiscibility induce large aggregates and severely impede charge transfer (CT) and dissociation. Conversely, ATIC-C11's suitable crystallinity and compatibility positively regulate the crystalline kinetics during film formation, thus forming much-ordered molecular packing and favorable phase separation size in blend films. As a result, ATIC-C11-based ternary devices achieve a high efficiency of 19.28% with potential in scalability and stability, which is the top-ranking efficiency among nonhalogenated solvent-processed OSCs. This work not only displays highly efficient and stable halogen-free solvent-processed organic photovoltaics (OPVs), but also offers a new thought for material design and selection rule on the third component in highly efficient ternary OSCs.
21 Nov 12:59
J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4TA06046F, Paper
Zhenzhu Zhao, Mulin Sun, Fang Xiang, Xuefei Wu, Zachary Fink, Zongming Huang, Junyao Gao, Honghe Ding, Pengju Tan, Chengjian Yuan, Yuqian Yang, Nikita A. Emelianov, Lyubov A. Frolova, Zhengguo Xiao, Pavel A. Troshin, Thomas P. Russell, Junfa Zhu, Yu Li, Qin Hu
Interface modification improves charge carrier extraction in tin-based perovskite solar cells.
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21 Nov 10:49
by Haixuan Yu, Zhiguo Zhang, Hongliang Dong, Xiongjie Li, Zhirong Liu, Junyi Huang, Yongqing Fu, Yan Shen, and Mingkui Wang
ACS Energy Letters
DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c02742
21 Nov 10:42
Energy Environ. Sci., 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4EE04378B, Paper
Yaohui Li, Ziyan Jia, Peihao Huang, Chuanlin Gao, Yufei Wang, Shuangxi Xue, Shirong Lu, Yang (Michael) Yang
We have developed a novel liquid additive that boosts J-aggregation in NFAs through enhanced non-covalent interactions with the BTP core, leading to a record efficiency for thick-film (≥200 nm), large-area OPV modules.
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18 Nov 12:42
by Wenhuan Gao,
Jike Ding,
Quanxing Ma,
Hong Zhang,
Jiajia Zhang,
Zuolin Zhang,
Mengjia Li,
Yang Wang,
Boxue Zhang,
Thierry Pauporté,
Jian‐Xin Tang,
Jiangzhao Chen,
Cong Chen
Organic ammonium salts with varying alkyl chain lengths are used to passivate perovskite surface defects and optimize energy band alignment. Nonylammonium acetate (NAAc) achieves superior passivation through optimal molecular orientation and minimized steric hindrance, leading to 25.79% PCE in inverted PSCs utilizing vacuum flash technology in ambient conditions.
Abstract
Organic ammonium salts are extensively utilized for passivating surface defects in perovskite films to mitigate trap-assisted nonradiative recombination. However, the influence of alkyl chain length on the molecular orientation and spatial steric hindrance of ammonium salt remains underexplored, hindering advancements in more effective passivators. Here, a series of organic ammonium salts is reported with varying alkyl chain lengths to passivate surface defects and optimize band alignment. It is revealed that long alkyl chains promote parallel molecular orientation on the perovskite surface, thereby reinforcing interaction with surface defects, whereas excessive chain length introduces steric hindrance, weakening anion-perovskite interactions. Nonylammonium acetate (NAAc) with optimal chain length achieves the ideal balance between chemical interactions, resulting in superior passivation. Through NAAc passivation, high-performance inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and modules are achieved, with power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 25.79% (certified 25.12%) and 19.62%, respectively. This marks a record PCE for inverted PSCs utilizing vacuum flash technology in ambient conditions. Additionally, the NAAc-passivated devices retain 91% of their initial PCE after 1200 h of continuous maximum power point operation. This work offers new insights into the interplay between molecular orientation and steric hindrance, advancing the design of high-performance PSCs.
18 Nov 12:41
by Jiajie Hong,
Zhi Xing,
Dengxue Li,
Biao Hu,
Kaiqin Xu,
Xiaotian Hu,
Ting Hu,
Yiwang Chen
Liquid crystal molecule is utilized to promote the movement of solvent complexes under external field, thus amplifying ripening process and optimizing the buried interface. Based on this, the efficiency of device reaches 25.24%, and it still maintains 75% of the original efficiency after 1400 h in a damp heat test.
Abstract
Up to now, post-annealing is most commonly used to post treat the perovskite film to accelerate the ripening process. Nonetheless, the top-down crystallization mechanism impedes the efficient desolvation of solvent complexes. Thus, residual solvent complexes tend to accumulate at the bottom of the film during the ripening process and deteriorate the device. Here, a new strategy with unique concept is promoted to amplify ripening process of perovskite film, in which a nematic thermotropic liquid crystal (LC) molecular is introduced to facilitate the conversion of solvent complexes by utilizing the liquid crystalline behavior under external field. Upon the concurrent application of thermal and force fields, the covalent interaction between LC and solvent complexes generates a driving force, which promotes upward migration of solvent complexes, thereby facilitating their engagement in the ripening process. In addition, the driving force under external fields assists the flattening of grain boundary grooves. Therefore, film quality is improved efficiently with amplified ripening process and adequately handled buried interface. Based on the positive effects, the devices achieve a champion efficiency of 25.24%, and sustained ≈75% of its initial efficiency level even after undergoing a damp heat test (85 °C/85% RH) for 1400 h.
18 Nov 10:21
by Deng Wang,
Mingqian Chen,
Xia Lei,
Yunfan Wang,
Yuqi Bao,
Xiaofeng Huang,
Peide Zhu,
Jie Zeng,
Xingzhu Wang,
SaiWing Tsang,
Fengzhu Li,
Baomin Xu,
Alex K.‐Y. Jen
Herein, an all-in-one additive AMPH is proposed, which can not only function as a reducing agent to suppress Sn4+ formation, but also can slow down the crystallization and enhance oxidation resistance of Sn-Pb films. This advancement enables 23.07% efficient Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells and 28.73% efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells with improved operational stability.
Abstract
Hybrid tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskites have garnered increasing attention due to their crucial role in all-perovskite tandem cells for surpassing the efficiency limit of single-junction solar cells. However, the easy oxidation of Sn2+ and fast crystallization of Sn-based perovskite present significant challenges for achieving high-quality hybrid Sn-Pb perovskite films, thereby limiting the device's performance and stability. Herein, an all-in-one additive, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid hydrochloride (AMPH) is proposed, which can function as a reducing agent to suppress the formation of Sn4+ throughout the film preparation. Furthermore, the strong binding between AMPH and Sn-based precursor significantly slows down the crystallization process, resulting in a high-quality film with enhanced crystallinity. The remaining AMPH and its oxidation products within the film contribute to improves oxidation resistance and a substantial reduction in defect density, specifically Sn vacancies. Benefiting from the multifunctionalities of AMPH, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.07% is achieved for single-junction narrow-bandgap perovskite solar cells. The best-performing monolithic all-perovskite tandem cell also exhibits a PCE of 28.73% (certified 27.83%), which is among the highest efficiency reported yet. The tandem devices can also retain over 85% of their initial efficiencies after 500 hours of continuous operation at the maximum power point under one-sun illumination.
15 Nov 09:27
by Sahil Shah,
Fengjiu Yang,
Eike Köhnen,
Esma Ugur,
Mark Khenkin,
Jarla Thiesbrummel,
Bor Li,
Lucas Holte,
Sebastian Berwig,
Florian Scherler,
Paria Forozi,
Jonas Diekmann,
Francisco Peña‐Camargo,
Marko Remec,
Nikhil Kalasariya,
Erkan Aydin,
Felix Lang,
Henry Snaith,
Dieter Neher,
Stefaan De Wolf,
Carolin Ulbrich,
Steve Albrecht,
Martin Stolterfoht
Are tandem solar cells truly hysteresis-free? This study reveals that mobile ions in Si/perovskite and all-perovskite TSCs cause efficiency losses and hysteresis, especially at fast scan rates. Subcell current-voltage characterization quantifies ionic losses in specific subcells and demonstrates the dominant impact of these losses for degradation, particularly in the wide-bandgap subcell. These findings offer key insights for improving long-term stability.
Abstract
The stability of perovskite-based tandem solar cells (TSCs) is the last major scientific/technical challenge to be overcome before commercialization. Understanding the impact of mobile ions on the TSC performance is key to minimizing degradation. Here, a comprehensive study that combines an experimental analysis of ionic losses in Si/perovskite and all-perovskite TSCs using scan-rate-dependent current–voltage (J–V) measurements with drift-diffusion simulations is presented. The findings demonstrate that mobile ions have a significant influence on the tandem cell performance lowering the ion-freeze power conversion efficiency from >31% for Si/perovskite and >30% for all-perovskite tandems to ≈28% in steady-state. Moreover, the ions cause a substantial hysteresis in Si/perovskite TSCs at high scan speeds (400 s−1), and significantly influence the performance degradation of both devices through internal field screening. Additionally, for all-perovskite tandems, subcell-dominated J–V characterization reveals more pronounced ionic losses in the wide-bandgap subcell during aging, which is attributed to its tendency for halide segregation. This work provides valuable insights into ionic losses in perovskite-based TSCs which helps to separate ion migration-related degradation modes from other degradation mechanisms and guides targeted interventions for enhanced subcell efficiency and stability.
15 Nov 09:26
by Xuemin Guo,
Wenxiao Zhang,
Haobo Yuan,
Zhengbo Cui,
Wen Li,
Ting Shu,
Yunfei Li,
Bo Feng,
Yuyang Hu,
Xiaodong Li,
Junfeng Fang
A Cs─I bond weakening approach is proposed to realize low-temperature crystalized CsPbI3 through SMCl introduction. SMCl will interact with CsI and weaken Cs─I bond to dissociate free I− ions, thus promoting [PbI6]4− formation and CsPbI3 crystallization. As a result, black CsPbI3 is obtained at 90 °C and flexible CsPbI3 PSCs are realized with efficiency of 13.86% and good thermal or mechanical stability.
Abstract
All-inorganic triiodide cesium lead (CsPbI3) exhibits huge potential in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the high-temperature crystallization process (≈340 or 180 °C) limits their further development, especially in flexible PSCs. Here, a Cs─I bond weakening approach is proposed to realize the low-temperature crystallization of CsPbI3 by introducing organic sulfonate of 1-propylsulfonate-3-methylimidazolium chloride (SMCl). SMCl can strongly interact with CsI and weaken the Cs─I bond to dissociate free I− ions for the effective transition of initial PbI2 to [PbI6]4−, which greatly decreases the crystallization temperature of black CsPbI3 to 90 °C. As a result, flexible PSCs are realized with efficiency of 13.86%, which is the highest efficiency of flexible CsPbI3 devices. Besides, SMCl will also help to release the tensile strain and stabilize CsPbI3 phase, leading to good thermal and mechanical stability. Almost no efficiency loss is observed in flexible PSCs after 36000 bending cycles with a curvature radius of 5 mm.
15 Nov 07:58
J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4TA07485H, Paper
Jiaxin Guo, Xiangjian Cao, Zheng Xu, Tengfei He, Xingqi Bi, Zhaoyang Yao, Yaxiao Guo, Guankui Long, Chenxi Li, Xiangjian Wan, Yongsheng Chen
A root-cause analysis discloses the critical role of central halogenation and extension in forming enhanced-3D intermolecular packing networks of SMAs.
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15 Nov 07:34
Energy Environ. Sci., 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4EE03000A, Paper
Xiaolei Kong, Nana Yang, Xixi Zhang, Jinyuan Zhang, Zhenyu Li, Xinrui Li, Yilei Wu, Rui Sun, Jing Li, Aoxiang Li, Jie Min, Guang Yang, Chenkai Sun
Two novel acceptors are designed and synthesized, and the PTQ11:PEH-F binary system is highly promising for industrial cost-effective organic photovoltaics.
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