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25 Aug 13:42

High Built‐in Potential Perovskite Solar Cells Realized by Incorporating a Hybrid Hole Extraction Layer

by Ali Asgher Syed, Linfeng Cai, Furong Zhu
High Built‐in Potential Perovskite Solar Cells Realized by Incorporating a Hybrid Hole Extraction Layer

This work discusses the fundamental understanding of the built‐in potential on efficient operation of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and the approach for enhancing the built‐in potential in the PSCs. The outcomes of this work are very inspiring, providing a commercially viable and cost‐effective approach for attaining high‐performance solution‐processable PSCs.


The performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been improved substantially over the past few years. However, the related fundamental understanding of improving the built‐in potential on the efficiency of the PSCs is still far from adequate. A combination of morphology, charge extraction, and built‐in potential studies would help us to gain an insight on efficient operation of the PSCs. Herein, the effect of the hybrid hole extraction layer (HEL), comprising a mixture of tungsten oxide (WO3) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) (WO3–PEDOT:PSS), on the growth of the perovskite photoactive layer and built‐in potential in PSCs is investigated using structural analyses, photoelectron spectroscopy, and transient photocurrent (TPC) measurements. It shows that the use of hybrid HEL is an effective approach for enhancing the built‐in potential across the photoactive layer in the PSCs, leading to >20% increase in power conversion efficiency as compared to that of a control PSC prepared using a pristine PEDOT:PSS HEL. PSCs with a higher built‐in potential are favorable for efficient cell operation, as manifested by the charge extraction analyses and TPC measurements.

25 Aug 02:45

[ASAP] Materials and Methods for Interface Engineering toward Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

by Jiangzhao Chen*† and Nam-Gyu Park*‡

TOC Graphic

ACS Energy Letters
DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01240
24 Aug 02:14

Facile Physical Modifications of Polymer Hole Transporting Layers for Efficient and Reproducible Perovskite Solar Cells with Fill Factor Exceeding 80%

by Kang Chen, Weiguang Kong, Nasir Ali, Wenjie Song, Zhiwen Wang, Anyi Wang, Zhaohui Yu, Junlei Tao, Shaopeng Yang, Guangsheng Fu
Facile Physical Modifications of Polymer Hole Transporting Layers for Efficient and Reproducible Perovskite Solar Cells with Fill Factor Exceeding 80%

A modified monomolecular layer strategy (m‐MLS) enables high‐quality perovskite films formation on the hydrophobic polymer hole transporting layer (HTL), and minimizes the ohmic loss induced by the HTL. The perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on m‐MLS‐modified HTL (F‐PSCs) give a superior reproducibility and a champion efficiency of 19.7% with a fill factor of over 80%.


The hole transport materials that interact with the indium tin oxide (ITO) surface can be processed into monomolecular layers (MLs), which often exhibit different surface and electronic properties than their thin‐film counterparts. Herein, it is found that poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) films (R‐PTAA) can be easily processed into ML (M‐PTAA) due to the van der Waals interaction between ITO and PTAA. However, compared with R‐PTAA, the work function (WF) and conductivity of M‐PTAA are simultaneously reduced by the charge transfer at the ITO/PTAA interface. To address this issue, a modified monomolecular layer strategy (m‐MLS) is developed, where a small amount of 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) is introduced to enhance the interaction force between ITO and PTAA. PTAA treated by m‐MLS (F‐PTAA) has a hydrophilic physical surface, closely matching electronic energy level with the perovskite layer and smaller bulk resistance. As a result, the efficiency and reproducibility of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are substantially improved. PSCs based on F‐PTAA demonstrated the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.7% with a fill factor of over 80%. This study inspires the development of novel interface modification materials, and provides a simple and convenient direction for the fabrication of high‐performance and reproducible inverted PSCs with high fill factors.

24 Aug 02:14

High Built‐in Potential Perovskite Solar Cells Realized by Incorporating a Hybrid Hole Extraction Layer

by Ali Asgher Syed, Linfeng Cai, Furong Zhu
High Built‐in Potential Perovskite Solar Cells Realized by Incorporating a Hybrid Hole Extraction Layer

This work discusses the fundamental understanding of the built‐in potential on efficient operation of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and the approach for enhancing the built‐in potential in the PSCs. The outcomes of this work are very inspiring, providing a commercially viable and cost‐effective approach for attaining high‐performance solution‐processable PSCs.


The performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been improved substantially over the past few years. However, the related fundamental understanding of improving the built‐in potential on the efficiency of the PSCs is still far from adequate. A combination of morphology, charge extraction, and built‐in potential studies would help us to gain an insight on efficient operation of the PSCs. Herein, the effect of the hybrid hole extraction layer (HEL), comprising a mixture of tungsten oxide (WO3) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) (WO3–PEDOT:PSS), on the growth of the perovskite photoactive layer and built‐in potential in PSCs is investigated using structural analyses, photoelectron spectroscopy, and transient photocurrent (TPC) measurements. It shows that the use of hybrid HEL is an effective approach for enhancing the built‐in potential across the photoactive layer in the PSCs, leading to >20% increase in power conversion efficiency as compared to that of a control PSC prepared using a pristine PEDOT:PSS HEL. PSCs with a higher built‐in potential are favorable for efficient cell operation, as manifested by the charge extraction analyses and TPC measurements.

24 Aug 02:12

Miscibility‐Controlled Phase Separation in Double‐Cable Conjugated Polymers for Single‐Component Organic Solar Cells with Efficiencies over 8 %

by Xudong Jiang, Jinjin Yang, Safakath Karuthedath, Junyu Li, Wenbin Lai, Cheng Li, Chengyi Xiao, Long Ye, Zaifei Ma, Zheng Tang, Frédéric Laquai, Weiwei Li
Miscibility‐Controlled Phase Separation in Double‐Cable Conjugated Polymers for Single‐Component Organic Solar Cells with Efficiencies over 8 %

A naphthalene diimide based double‐cable conjugated polymer provided a record efficiency of 8.4 % in single‐component organic solar cells. It simultaneously facilitates exciton separation and charge transport via miscibility control.


Abstract

A record power conversion efficiency of 8.40 % was obtained in single‐component organic solar cells (SCOSCs) based on double‐cable conjugated polymers. This is realized based on exciton separation playing the same role as charge transport in SCOSCs. Two double‐cable conjugated polymers were designed with almost identical conjugated backbones and electron‐withdrawing side units, but extra Cl atoms had different positions on the conjugated backbones. When Cl atoms were positioned at the main chains, the polymer formed the twist backbones, enabling better miscibility with the naphthalene diimide side units. This improves the interface contact between conjugated backbones and side units, resulting in efficient conversion of excitons into free charges. These findings reveal the importance of charge generation process in SCOSCs and suggest a strategy to improve this process: controlling miscibility between conjugated backbones and aromatic side units in double‐cable conjugated polymers.

24 Aug 02:11

Ambient Manipulation of Perovskites by Alternating Electric Field toward Tunable Photovoltaic Performance

by Zhendong Cheng, Dong Ding, Jingnan Song, Feng Liu, Tun Wang, Cheng Hu, Lixiang Ba, Jiayuang Wang, Hong Liu, Wenzhong Shen
Ambient Manipulation of Perovskites by Alternating Electric Field toward Tunable Photovoltaic Performance

The application of a low frequency alternating electric field on hybrid perovskite can evidently induce irreversible change of grains/crystal domains and distribution of ionic species in the bulk, leading to tunable opto‐electronic properties and significantly increased efficiency in inverted MAPbI3 cells without additional treatments and impressive intrinsic long‐term and thermal stability in air without encapsulation.


Abstract

With the rapid development of hybrid metal halide perovskites, controlling and understanding their growth processes have become an important but challenging task. In this paper, alternating electric field as an effective modulation method that acts on the intermediate state in perovskite formation under ambient conditions is introduced. The morphology and microstructure of the as‐formed perovskites can be effectively controlled by tuning simple physical parameters such as the frequency and amplitude, which have shown strong impact on the motion of ionic species and thus influences the formation of materials. Furthermore, the optic and electronic properties of the perovskite (such as the band position) can also be easily tuned by the field parameters. Finally, a conversion efficiency of 19.08% can be achieved in MAPbI3 device without any doping or additional treatment, with impressive ambient and thermal stability without encapsulation. This result has not only illustrated a new physical approach for material fabrication, but also facilitates deeper understanding of the formation mechanism and generally shed light to the development of more devices and materials.

24 Aug 02:11

Charge‐Carrier Trapping and Radiative Recombination in Metal Halide Perovskite Semiconductors

by Michael J. Trimpl, Adam D. Wright, Kelly Schutt, Leonardo R. V. Buizza, Zhiping Wang, Michael B. Johnston, Henry J. Snaith, Peter Müller‐Buschbaum, Laura M. Herz
Charge‐Carrier Trapping and Radiative Recombination in Metal Halide Perovskite Semiconductors

The properties of trap states that limit the performance of hybrid perovskite solar cells and light‐emitting devices are still under much debate. Herein, a unified model is presented, that accurately describes trap‐related and higher‐order charge‐carrier recombination. This work reveals the importance of explicit accounting for charge‐carrier trapping, detrapping and accumulation, and disentangles radiative and nonradiative recombination channels.


Abstract

Trap‐related charge‐carrier recombination fundamentally limits the performance of perovskite solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. While improved fabrication and passivation techniques have reduced trap densities, the properties of trap states and their impact on the charge‐carrier dynamics in metal‐halide perovskites are still under debate. Here, a unified model is presented of the radiative and nonradiative recombination channels in a mixed formamidinium‐cesium lead iodide perovskite, including charge‐carrier trapping, de‐trapping and accumulation, as well as higher‐order recombination mechanisms. A fast initial photoluminescence (PL) decay component observed after pulsed photogeneration is demonstrated to result from rapid localization of free charge carriers in unoccupied trap states, which may be followed by de‐trapping, or nonradiative recombination with free carriers of opposite charge. Such initial decay components are shown to be highly sensitive to remnant charge carriers that accumulate in traps under pulsed‐laser excitation, with partial trap occupation masking the trap density actually present in the material. Finally, such modelling reveals a change in trap density at the phase transition, and disentangles the radiative and nonradiative charge recombination channels present in FA0.95Cs0.05PbI3, accurately predicting the experimentally recorded PL efficiencies between 50 and 295 K, and demonstrating that bimolecular recombination is a fully radiative process.

24 Aug 02:10

Identifying Photoinduced Dipolar Polarization and Orbit–Orbit Interaction between Excitons in Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites

by Yixuan Dou, Miaosheng Wang, Jia Zhang, Hengxing Xu, Bin Hu
Identifying Photoinduced Dipolar Polarization and Orbit–Orbit Interaction between Excitons in Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites

By identifying the bulk polarization in the magnetic field under photoexcitation conditions, the existence of photoinduced bulk polarization is verified by removing the interferences of photoinduced mobile ions. In addition, the linear/circular polarization modulated photocurrent (ΔJ sc) measurements indicate that the orbit–orbit interaction between excitons in hybrid perovskites can be tuned by bulk polarization through the dipole moment of organic cations.


Abstract

Photoinduced polarization and orbit–orbit interaction are important issues in hybrid perovskites toward developing optoelectronic functionalities. This paper identifies that photoinduced polarization occurs in hybrid perovskites with mixed‐cation methylammonium (MA)/formamidinium (FA) (MA x FA(1− x )PbI3) by measuring bulk polarization at 1 MHz in a magnetic field. Interestingly, when the internal dipole moment is increased upon increasing the MA:FA ratio, the photoinduced dipolar polarization can be substantially enhanced, clarifying the controversial issue of whether photoexcitation can induce a dielectric polarization within dipolar polarization regime in hybrid perovskites. Furthermore, upon increasing photoinduced dipolar polarization, it is found that the intrinsic orbit–orbit interaction between excitons can be increased, revealed by monitoring photocurrent change (ΔJ sc) upon switching the photoexcitation between linear and circular polarizations. This presents that organic cations are directly involved in the orbit–orbit interaction within band structures. Clearly, the studies provide an insightful understanding of the dipole moment effects on photoinduced dipolar polarization and orbit–orbit interaction between excitons in hybrid perovskites toward controlling the optoelectronic properties.

24 Aug 02:10

Dual‐Ion‐Diffusion Induced Degradation in Lead‐Free Cs2AgBiBr6 Double Perovskite Solar Cells

by Mehri Ghasemi, Lei Zhang, Jung‐Ho Yun, Mengmeng Hao, Dongxu He, Peng Chen, Yang Bai, Tongen Lin, Mu Xiao, Aijun Du, Miaoqiang Lyu, Lianzhou Wang
Dual‐Ion‐Diffusion Induced Degradation in Lead‐Free Cs2AgBiBr6 Double Perovskite Solar Cells

A dual‐ion‐migration phenomenon and its underlying possible mechanism are reported for the lead‐free double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6, where the diffusive behavior of both Ag and Br contribute significantly to the degradation of the perovskite thin‐film and long‐term operational stability of the Cs2AgBiBr6 solar cells.


Abstract

Lead‐free double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 has attracted increasing research interest in addressing the toxicity and stability challenges confronted by lead halide perovskites. While most of the studies on this Cs2AgBiBr6 material have been focusing on photovoltaic performance and potential applications, its long‐term stability and degradation mechanism are well under‐explored. Herein, high‐quality Cs2AgBiBr6 thin‐films are developed for lead‐free double perovskite solar cells with a decent efficiency of 1.91%. By exploring the ambient stability of these photovoltaic devices, it is found that the Cs2AgBiBr6 exhibits a unique dual‐ion‐migration phenomenon, where Ag and Br ions gradually diffuse through the hole‐transporting layer in the long‐term operation. This phenomenon leads to the degradation of the Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskite and subsequent device failure. Theoretical calculations indicate that low formation energies of the Ag and Br vacancies, and low diffusive energy barriers contribute to the dual‐ion‐migration effect. A possible mechanism involving a vacancy‐mediated ion‐migration is proposed to explain this phenomenon. These key findings are essential for halide double perovskites not only in providing a new knowledge base for further addressing the challenge of double perovskite stability, but also in extending their optoelectronic/electronic applications where mixed electronic, ionic and photonic properties may be desired.

24 Aug 02:08

Large cation ethylammonium incorporated perovskite for efficient and spectra stable blue light-emitting diodes

by Zema Chu

Nature Communications, Published online: 20 August 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17943-6

Blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are critical for displays. Employing a large organic cation into a quasi-two dimensional perovskite with green emission, Chu et al. achieve LEDs exhibiting a high external quantum efficiency of 12.1% and stable spectra in the sky-blue region.
24 Aug 02:05

[ASAP] Mechanical Properties of a 2D Lead-Halide Perovskite, (C6H5CH2NH3)2PbCl4, by Nanoindentation and First-Principles Calculations

by Hongqiang Gao, Wenjuan Wei*, Linsui Li, Yuhui Tan, and Yunzhi Tang*

TOC Graphic

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c04283
24 Aug 02:03

[ASAP] Realization of Moisture-Resistive Perovskite Films for Highly Efficient Solar Cells Using Molecule Incorporation

by Muhammad Azam†‡§, Shizhong Yue†‡, Rui Xu∥, Shuaijian Yang†‡, Kong Liu†‡, Yanbin Huang†‡, Yang Sun†‡, Ali Hassan⊥, Kuankuan Ren†‡, Furui Tan#, Zhijie Wang*†‡, Yong Lei*∥, Shengchun Qu*†‡, and Zhanguo Wang†‡

TOC Graphic

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09046
24 Aug 02:01

Revealing mechanism of obtaining the valence band maximum via photoelectron spectroscopy in organic halide perovskite single crystals

by Meng-Fan Yang
Applied Physics Letters, Volume 117, Issue 7, August 2020.
In recent years, organic halide perovskites have attracted increasing attention from scientists. To understand the device's operational mechanism, obtaining their valence band maxima (VBMs) using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy plays a critical role in determining their electronic structures and related energy level alignments. Two methods are commonly used to extract their valence band (VB) edge from either linear or logarithmic intensity scales to reach the agreement with theoretical calculations. However, the consistency behind these two methods is not revealed. In this report, we have quantitatively studied VB edges for CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystals using different photon energies. After considering both their origins of orbital hybridizations and density of state (intensity) distributions at various momentum spaces, it is revealed that precise VBMs from linear scales can be realized. The VBMs obtained from M symmetry points are 1.13 eV away from the Fermi level for CH3NH3PbI3 and 1.29 eV for CH3NH3PbBr3, suggesting that the VBMs (at the R point) are 0.86 eV for CH3NH3PbI3 and 0.89 eV for CH3NH3PbBr3. Our findings explain the mechanism of precisely obtaining VBMs from these halide perovskite single crystals.
19 Aug 14:13

Orientation‐Dependent Host–Dopant Interactions for Manipulating Charge Transport in Conjugated Polymers

by Fengjiao Zhang, Erfan Mohammadi, Ge Qu, Xiaojuan Dai, Ying Diao
Orientation‐Dependent Host–Dopant Interactions for Manipulating Charge Transport in Conjugated Polymers

Surface doping of a conjugated polymer is drastically modulated by molecular orientation. Face‐on orientation presents more reaction sites for dopant/host interactions, leading to effective charge trap filling facilitated by efficient vertical transport down to the conductive channel. Hole mobility increases by fivefold to 3 cm2 V−1 s−1 in the face‐on case, compared to a minimal change in the edge‐on case.


Abstract

Molecular orientation plays a critical role in controlling carrier transport in organic semiconductors (OSCs). However, this aspect has not been explored for surface doping of OSC thin films. The challenge lies in lack of methods to precisely modulate relative molecular orientation between the dopant and the OSC host. Here, the impact of molecular orientation on dopant–host electronic interactions by large modulation of conjugated polymer orientation via solution coating is reported. Combining synchrotron‐radiation X‐ray measurements with spectroscopic and electrical characterizations, a quantitative correlation between doping‐enhanced charge carrier mobility and the Herman's orientation parameter is presented. This direct correlation can be attributed to enhanced charge‐transfer interactions at host/dopant interface with increasing face‐on orientation of the polymer. These results demonstrate that the surface doping effect can be fundamentally manipulated by controlling the molecular orientation of the OSC layer, enabling optimization of carrier transport.

19 Aug 13:58

[ASAP] Efficient Organic Ternary Solar Cells Employing Narrow Band Gap Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymers and Nonfullerene Acceptors

by Langheng Pan†#, Tao Liu*‡#, Junyi Wang†, Long Ye*†§∥, Zhenghui Luo‡, Ruijie Ma‡, Shuting Pang†, Yuzhong Chen‡, Harald Ade∥, He Yan‡, Chunhui Duan*†⊥, Fei Huang†, and Yong Cao†

TOC Graphic

Chemistry of Materials
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c02133
19 Aug 13:57

Correction: Chlorine-doped SnO2 hydrophobic surfaces for large grain perovskite solar cells

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2020, 8,11647-11647
DOI: 10.1039/D0TC90169E, Correction
Open Access Open Access
Creative Commons Licence&nbsp This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Wenxiao Gong, Heng Guo, Haiyan Zhang, Jian Yang, Haiyuan Chen, Liping Wang, Feng Hao, Xiaobin Niu
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
19 Aug 01:39

Molecular Design and Operational Stability: Toward Stable 3D/2D Perovskite Interlayers

by Sanghyun Paek, Cristina Roldán‐Carmona, Kyung Taek Cho, Marius Franckevičius, Hobeom Kim, Hiroyuke Kanda, Nikita Drigo, Kun‐Han Lin, Mingyuan Pei, Rokas Gegevičius, Hyung Joong Yun, Hoichang Yang, Pascal A. Schouwink, Clémence Corminboeuf, Abdullah M. Asiri, Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
Molecular Design and Operational Stability: Toward Stable 3D/2D Perovskite Interlayers

2D perovskites are of great importance to increase both the efficiency and stability of perovskite interfaces. Motivated by the stronger halogen bond interaction, (5FBzAI)2PbI4 used as a capping layer in 3D/2D systems self‐organizes with an in‐plane crystal orientation, inducing a reproducible increase of ≈60 mV in the V oc, and remarkable operational stability.


Abstract

Despite organic/inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells becoming one of the most promising next‐generation photovoltaic materials, instability under heat and light soaking remains unsolved. In this work, a highly hydrophobic cation, perfluorobenzylammonium iodide (5FBzAI), is designed and a 2D perovskite with reinforced intermolecular interactions is engineered, providing improved passivation at the interface that reduces charge recombination and enhances cell stability compared with benchmark 2D systems. Motivated by the strong halogen bond interaction, (5FBzAI)2PbI4 used as a capping layer aligns in in‐plane crystal orientation, inducing a reproducible increase of ≈60 mV in the V oc, a twofold improvement compared with its analogous monofluorinated phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI) recently reported. This endows the system with high power conversion efficiency of 21.65% and extended operational stability after 1100 h of continuous illumination, outlining directions for future work.

19 Aug 01:38

[ASAP] Revealing Stability of Inverted Planar MA-Free Perovskite Solar Cells and Electric Field-Induced Phase Instability

by Erjin Zheng, Zhiyin Niu, Gabriella A. Tosado, Hao Dong, Yaqoub Albrikan, and Qiuming Yu*

TOC Graphic

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c05357
19 Aug 01:37

[ASAP] Hybrid Vapor-Solution Sequentially Deposited Mixed-Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

by Wiria Soltanpoor†‡, Chris Dreessen§, Mehmet Cem Sahiner†∥, Isidora Susic§, Amir Zarean Afshord†‡, Vladimir S. Chirvony§⊥, Pablo P. Boix*§, Gorkem Gunbas*†‡#∇, Selcuk Yerci*†‡∥, and Henk J. Bolink*§

TOC Graphic

ACS Applied Energy Materials
DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.0c00686
18 Aug 11:49

[ASAP] Hidden Perils of Lead in the Lab: Guidelines for Containing, Monitoring, and Decontaminating Lead in the Context of Perovskite Research

by Michael Salvador*†, Christopher E. Motter§, and Iain McCulloch†‡

TOC Graphic

Chemistry of Materials
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c02196
18 Aug 11:42

Learning from existing photovoltaic technologies to identify alternative perovskite module designs

Energy Environ. Sci., 2020, 13,3393-3403
DOI: 10.1039/D0EE01923B, Perspective
Jérémie Werner, Caleb C. Boyd, Taylor Moot, Eli J. Wolf, Ryan M. France, Samuel A. Johnson, Maikel F. A. M. van Hest, Joseph M. Luther, Kai Zhu, Joseph J. Berry, Michael D. McGehee
This perspective shines light on alternative module designs, discussing their pros & cons.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
18 Aug 11:39

Synergistically Improved Molecular Doping and Carrier Mobility by Copolymerization of Donor–Acceptor and Donor–Donor Building Blocks for Thermoelectric Application

by Hui Li, Jian Song, Jie Xiao, LiLi Wu, Howard E. Katz, Lidong Chen
Synergistically Improved Molecular Doping and Carrier Mobility by Copolymerization of Donor–Acceptor and Donor–Donor Building Blocks for Thermoelectric Application

A new strategy for synergistically improving molecular doping and carrier mobility is proposed by copolymerizing donor–acceptor type and donor–donor type building blocks along polymer backbone. The copolymers show significantly improved mobilities of 1–2 cm2 V−1 s−1 at a high doping level while the structural disorder endows a high Seebeck coefficient, indicating a great potential of random copolymer for thermoelectric application.


Abstract

In this work, it is demonstrated that random copolymerization is a simple but effective strategy to obtain new conductive copolymers as high‐performance thermoelectric materials. By using a polymerizing acceptor unit diketopyrropyrrole with donor units thienothiophene and oligo ethylene glycol substituted bithiophene (g32T), it is found that strong interchain donor–acceptor interactions ensure good film crystallinity for charge transport, while donor–donor type building blocks contribute to effective charge transfers. Hall effect measurements show that the high electrical conductivity results from increased free carriers with simultaneously improved mobility reaching over 1 cm2 V−1 s−1. The synergistic effect of improved molecular doping and carrier mobility, as well as a high Seebeck coefficient ascribed to the structural disorder along polymer chains via random copolymerization, results in an impressive power factor up to 110 µW K−2 m−1 which is 10 times higher than that of solution‐processed polythiophenes.

18 Aug 11:38

Efficient and stable perovskite solar cell with suppressed defects by employing lead indicator—dithizone

by Wenjing Hou, Gaoyi Han, Ting Ou, Yaoming Xiao, Qi Chen

The defect in perovskite film is one of the most non‐negligible factors that can attenuate the performances of perovskite solar cell. This work fabricates defects‐reduced perovskite film by using the lead indicator (dithizone) as an additive of perovskite functional layer. The dithizone can retard the crystallization rate of perovskite films, passivate the defects, and enhance the structure stability of perovskite by coordinating with lead atoms. As a result, the device doped with dithizone yields outstanding power conversion efficiency and stability.

18 Aug 11:38

Enabling High‐Performance Tandem Organic Photovoltaic Cells by Balancing the Front and Rear Subcells

by Pei Cheng, Hao‐Cheng Wang, Ran Zheng, Yuan Zhu, Shuixing Dai, Zeyuan Li, Chung‐Hao Chen, Yepin Zhao, Rui Wang, Dong Meng, Chenhui Zhu, Kung‐Hwa Wei, Xiaowei Zhan, Yang Yang
Enabling High‐Performance Tandem Organic Photovoltaic Cells by Balancing the Front and Rear Subcells

In tandem organic photovoltaics, most ultraviolet–visible photons are absorbed by the front sub‐cell, so in the rear sub‐cell, excitons generated on large‐bandgap donors will be reduced significantly. This reduces the conductivity and limits the hole‐transporting property of the rear sub‐cell. An infrared‐absorbing polymer donor is introduced, which provides a second hole‐generation/transporting mechanism to minimize the aforementioned detrimental effects.


Abstract

In tandem organic photovoltaics, the front subcell is based on large‐bandgap materials, whereas the case of the rear subcell is more complicated. The rear subcell is generally composed of a narrow‐bandgap acceptor for infrared absorption but a large‐bandgap donor to realize a high open‐circuit voltage. Unfortunately, most of the ultraviolet–visible part of the photons are absorbed by the front subcell; as a result, in the rear subcell, the number of excitons generated on large‐bandgap donors will be reduced significantly. This reduces the (photo) conductivity and finally limits the hole‐transporting property of the rear subcell. In this work, a simple and effective way is proposed to resolve this critical issue. To ensure sufficient photogenerated holes in the rear subcell, a small amount of an infrared‐absorbing polymer donor as a third component is introduced, which provides a second hole‐generation and transporting mechanism to minimize the aforementioned detrimental effects. Finally, the short‐circuit current density of the two‐terminal tandem organic photovoltaic is significantly enhanced from 10.3 to 11.7 mA cm−2 (while retaining the open‐circuit voltage and fill factor) to result in an enhanced power conversion efficiency of 15.1%.

18 Aug 11:36

Embedded Nickel‐Mesh Transparent Electrodes for Highly Efficient and Mechanically Stable Flexible Perovskite Photovoltaics: Toward a Portable Mobile Energy Source

by Meng Li, Wei‐Wei Zuo, Antonio Gaetano Ricciardulli, Ying‐Guo Yang, Yan‐Hua Liu, Qiong Wang, Kai‐Li Wang, Gui‐Xiang Li, Michael Saliba, Diego Di Girolamo, Antonio Abate, Zhao‐Kui Wang
Embedded Nickel‐Mesh Transparent Electrodes for Highly Efficient and Mechanically Stable Flexible Perovskite Photovoltaics: Toward a Portable Mobile Energy Source

Research on flexible mobile energy‐supply devices will promote the development of the Internet of Things. An embedded metal nickel (Ni)‐mesh transparent conductive electrode is used as a flexible substrate for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). These Ni‐mesh‐based PSCs exhibit excellent electric properties and remarkable environmental and mechanical stability.


Abstract

The rapid development of Internet of Things mobile terminals has accelerated the market's demand for portable mobile power supplies and flexible wearable devices. Here, an embedded metal‐mesh transparent conductive electrode (TCE) is prepared on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) using a novel selective electrodeposition process combined with inverted film‐processing methods. This embedded nickel (Ni)‐mesh flexible TCE shows excellent photoelectric performance (sheet resistance of ≈0.2–0.5 Ω sq−1 at high transmittance of ≈85–87%) and mechanical durability. The PET/Ni‐mesh/polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS PH1000) hybrid electrode is used as a transparent electrode for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which exhibit excellent electric properties and remarkable environmental and mechanical stability. A power conversion efficiency of 17.3% is obtained, which is the highest efficiency for a PSC based on flexible transparent metal electrodes to date. For perovskite crystals that require harsh growth conditions, their mechanical stability and environmental stability on flexible transparent embedded metal substrates are studied and improved. The resulting flexible device retains 76% of the original efficiency after 2000 bending cycles. The results of this work provide a step improvement in flexible PSCs.

18 Aug 11:31

ZnO–Ti3C2 MXene Electron Transport Layer for High External Quantum Efficiency Perovskite Nanocrystal Light‐Emitting Diodes

by Po Lu, Jinlei Wu, Xinyu Shen, Xupeng Gao, Zhifeng Shi, Min Lu, William W. Yu, Yu Zhang
ZnO–Ti3C2 MXene Electron Transport Layer for High External Quantum Efficiency Perovskite Nanocrystal Light‐Emitting Diodes

Adding an appropriate amount of Ti3C2 into the ZnO electron transport layer (ETL) to change the energy level structure and electron mobility of the ETL and further make the carrier transport balanced is explored. The ZnO/TiC ETL‐based red emitting perovskite nanocrystals light‐emitting diodes exhibit an external quantum efficiency of 17.4%.


Abstract

2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides called MXenes show outstanding performance in many applications due to their superior physical and chemical properties. Herein, a ZnO–MXene mixture with different contents of Ti3C2 is applied as electron transport layers (ETLs) and the influence of the Ti3C2 MXene in all‐inorganic metal halide perovskite nanocrystal light‐emitting diodes (perovskite NC LEDs) is explored. The addition of Ti3C2 makes more balanced charge carrier transport in LEDs by changing the energy level structure and electron mobility of ETL. Moreover, lower surface roughness is obtained for the ETL, thus guaranteeing uniform distribution of the perovskite NCs layer and further reducing leakage current. As a result, a 17.4% external quantum efficiency (EQE) with low efficiency roll‐off is achieved with 10% Ti3C2, which is a 22.5% improvement compared to LEDs without Ti3C2.

18 Aug 11:28

Perovskite-filled membranes for flexible and large-area direct-conversion X-ray detector arrays

by Jingjing Zhao

Nature Photonics, Published online: 17 August 2020; doi:10.1038/s41566-020-0678-x

Perovskite-filled-membranes enable flexible, sensitive and large-area X-ray detectors. The structures are made by infiltrating perovskite solution into porous polymer membranes.
17 Aug 01:38

Fabrication of Water‐Repellent Platinum(II) Complex‐Based Photon Downshifting Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells by Ultrasonic Spray Deposition

by Eunhye Hwang, Hyungwoo Kim, Sang‐Hak Lee, Ji Hoon Seo, Hyun‐Tak Kim, Chaiheon Lee, Sung‐Yeon Jang, Kwanyong Seo, Tae‐Hyuk Kwon
Fabrication of Water‐Repellent Platinum(II) Complex‐Based Photon Downshifting Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells by Ultrasonic Spray Deposition

An efficient photon downshifting layer is developed based on ultrasonic spray deposition of a platinum(II) complex, and considerable improvements in both the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells are observed. The photon downshifting layer is demonstrated to be applicable to various types of perovskite solar cells, achieving a maximum device performance of 22.0%.


Abstract

Despite a rapid increase in light harvesting efficiencies, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit relatively inefficient photocurrent generation in the UV region and severe degradation when exposed to UV light and humidity. Herein, to enhance UV and humidity stability as well as photocurrent generating efficiency, a water‐repellent platinum(II) complex, Pt‐F, is developed as a luminescent photon downshifting layer (PDL) for PSCs. The Pt‐F PDL is fabricated on the glass substrate of a PSC using ultrasonic spray deposition, resulting in a considerably higher crystallinity and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) than those fabricated by conventional spin‐coating processes (PLQYs of 77% and 19%, respectively). A maximum device performance of 22.0% is achieved through the addition of a PDL coating to a 21.4% efficient PSC owing to the long‐range photon downshifting effect of Pt‐F, as confirmed by the enhanced spectral response of the device in the UV region. Moreover, remarkable improvements in UV and humidity stability are observed in Pt‐F‐coated PSCs. The versatile effects of the Pt‐F‐based PDL, when fabricated by ultrasonic spray deposition, suggest wide ranging applicability that can improve the performance and stability of other optoelectronic devices.

17 Aug 01:38

Precise Control of Phase Separation Enables 12% Efficiency in All Small Molecule Solar Cells

by Haijun Bin, Indunil Angunawela, Beibei Qiu, Fallon J. M. Colberts, Mengmeng Li, Matthew J. Dyson, Martijn M. Wienk, Harald Ade, Yongfang Li, René A. J. Janssen
Precise Control of Phase Separation Enables 12% Efficiency in All Small Molecule Solar Cells

Three homologous small molecule donors with hydrogen, fluorine, and chlorine substitution afford organic solar cells with efficiencies over 10% in combination with a common acceptor. The chlorinated derivative exhibits a more crystalline nanomorphology with relatively pure domains and provides more than 12% efficiency.


Abstract

Compared to conjugated polymers, small‐molecule organic semiconductors present negligible batch‐to‐batch variations, but presently provide comparatively low power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in small‐molecular organic solar cells (SM‐OSCs), mainly due to suboptimal nanomorphology. Achieving precise control of the nanomorphology remains challenging. Here, two new small‐molecular donors H13 and H14, created by fluorine and chlorine substitution of the original donor molecule H11, are presented that exhibit a similar or higher degree of crystallinity/aggregation and improved open‐circuit voltage with IDIC‐4F as acceptor. Due to kinetic and thermodynamic reasons, H13‐based blend films possess relatively unfavorable molecular packing and morphology. In contrast, annealed H14‐based blends exhibit favorable characteristics, i.e., the highest degree of aggregation with the smallest paracrystalline π–π distortions and a nanomorphology with relatively pure domains, all of which enable generating and collecting charges more efficiently. As a result, blends with H13 give a similar PCE (10.3%) as those made with H11 (10.4%), while annealed H14‐based SM‐OSCs have a significantly higher PCE (12.1%). Presently this represents the highest efficiency for SM‐OSCs using IDIC‐4F as acceptor. The results demonstrate that precise control of phase separation can be achieved by fine‐tuning the molecular structure and film formation conditions, improving PCE and providing guidance for morphology design.

17 Aug 01:23

Fabrication of Water‐Repellent Platinum(II) Complex‐Based Photon Downshifting Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells by Ultrasonic Spray Deposition

by Eunhye Hwang, Hyungwoo Kim, Sang‐Hak Lee, Ji Hoon Seo, Hyun‐Tak Kim, Chaiheon Lee, Sung‐Yeon Jang, Kwanyong Seo, Tae‐Hyuk Kwon
Fabrication of Water‐Repellent Platinum(II) Complex‐Based Photon Downshifting Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells by Ultrasonic Spray Deposition

An efficient photon downshifting layer is developed based on ultrasonic spray deposition of a platinum(II) complex, and considerable improvements in both the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells are observed. The photon downshifting layer is demonstrated to be applicable to various types of perovskite solar cells, achieving a maximum device performance of 22.0%.


Abstract

Despite a rapid increase in light harvesting efficiencies, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit relatively inefficient photocurrent generation in the UV region and severe degradation when exposed to UV light and humidity. Herein, to enhance UV and humidity stability as well as photocurrent generating efficiency, a water‐repellent platinum(II) complex, Pt‐F, is developed as a luminescent photon downshifting layer (PDL) for PSCs. The Pt‐F PDL is fabricated on the glass substrate of a PSC using ultrasonic spray deposition, resulting in a considerably higher crystallinity and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) than those fabricated by conventional spin‐coating processes (PLQYs of 77% and 19%, respectively). A maximum device performance of 22.0% is achieved through the addition of a PDL coating to a 21.4% efficient PSC owing to the long‐range photon downshifting effect of Pt‐F, as confirmed by the enhanced spectral response of the device in the UV region. Moreover, remarkable improvements in UV and humidity stability are observed in Pt‐F‐coated PSCs. The versatile effects of the Pt‐F‐based PDL, when fabricated by ultrasonic spray deposition, suggest wide ranging applicability that can improve the performance and stability of other optoelectronic devices.