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Mauritz Silver

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Scott Lord

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Victor Sjostrom

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Norma Talmadge Constance Talmadge Constance Talmadge Corrinne Griffith
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Author Anne-Kristin Wallgren, on Nordic Academic Press, notes that the films of Swedish Silent film actress turned director Karin Swanstrom may have seemed atypical with the Swedish Silent Film of Sweden's Golden Age. In Welcome Home, Mr Swanson- Swedish Emigrants and Swedishness on Film, she writes, "Of the few Twenties films to mention America, only one has a happy ending, namely, Boman pa utsallningen (Boman at the Exhibition/Boman at the Fair, Karin Swanstrom, 1923, Ironically, Forsyth Hardy, in the volume Scandinavian Film notes, "Svensk Filmindustri, through its producers Karin Swanstrom and Sickan Claesson, was content to produce modestly conceived films for the home front. They were for the most part comedies with a strong theatrical flavor, or farces."

Hjalmar Bergman scripts to two photoplays for director Karin Swanstrom during 1925, "Kalle Utter", in which the director also appeared an actress in front of the camera, her costarring with actress Edit Rolf and the film "The Flying Dutchman" (Flygande Hollandaren) in which actress Edit Rolf appeared with Margareta Wendel. The film "Flygande Hollandaren" is presumed to be lost, with no surviving copies known to exist.
Greta Garbo

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Journalist Katherine Albert during 1928 wrote,"You have seen Ruth Harriet Louise's name almost as often as you've seen Greta Garbo's. It is usually printed in small type under the photographs of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer stars. Ruth is the twenty-one-year-old portait artist and the only woman photographer in the business."
Silent Greta Garbo




Silent Greta Garbo Greta Garbo
Not incidentally, to show the amount of exposure in the printed media that Greta Garbo the recluse did recieve, during 1931 an new fan magazine entitled Movie Mirror launched its first issue, Volume One, Number One. A photocaption read, "The first picture in a new magazine--it must be Greta Garbo. Greta Garbo


Greta Garbo



Greta Garbo

Greta Garbo

Greta Garbo

Greta Garbo

Greta Garbo

Greta Garbo

Thomas C. Christenson, Who was kind enough to write to me from the Danish Film Institute last year, in his articles Restoration of Danish Silent Films: In Colour and Restoring a Danish Silent Film: Nedbrute Nerver writes about the restoration of what he deems to be “a comic mystery plot set in contemporary time in an unnamed Western country.” Nordisk Film Kompagni title books were used in the restoration to augment the original nitrate print.

Starring in "The Hill Park Mystery" was actress Olga d'Org, the photoplay having been written by Laurids Skands.
During 1924, Anders W. Sandberg showcased both Karina Bell and Karen Casperson in the film "House of Shadows" (Moraenen), photographed by Chresten Jourgensen, the photoplay written by Laurids Skandis.

A.W. Sandberg, notably at a time when Denmark was looking for foreign markets to which to export Film to quell an economic crisis caused by competion from Hollywood, gained recognition as a director by adapting the works of Charles Dickens, including “Our Mutual Friend” (1921), starring Karen Caspersen, ”Great Expectations” (1922), starring Olga d'Org, “David Copperfield” (1922) and “Little Dorritt” (1924), starring Karina Bell and Karen Winther. Peter Cowie, in his volume Scandinavian Cinema, writes that Anders Wilhelm Sanders had chosen Dickens because of his "fondness of emotional drama". Forsyth Hardy, in his volume Scandinavian Film writes, "These films had some success in Scandinavia where their wistful sentimentality had an appeal, but for audiences in Britain and America they failed to capture the essential flavor of Dickens' work."

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A.W. Sandberg

Notably, Mary Pickford and James Kirkwood, who would later become her director, appear under the direction of D. W. Griffith in the one reeler "The Cardinal's Conspiracy", along with Mack Sennet as well as Griffith's wife Linda Ardvidson and actress Kate Bruce. The film was photographed by G.W. Bitzer for the Biograph Film Company.
The periodical Moving Picture World reviewed the film with an early description approaching genre theory. "The picture is of the costume kind. In other words, one, when looking at it, has gone to the pages of Stanely Weyman, Henry Harland or Morris Hewitt for his inspiration. We breathe the atmosphere of court life and are taken back, as it were, into a far more romantic period than the present." The periodical continued by regretting that they had viewed the film in "cold monochrome" rather than a more vibrant spectrum of pageant. Biograph Films had advertised the film in the previous issue of Moving Picture World, sharing the full page with Selig, Independent and Kalem studios. Paired with the film "Friend of the Family", Biograph proclaimed that in the film "The Cardinal's Conspiracy", "The subject is elaborately staged, comprising some of the most beautiful exterior scenes ever shown."In her autobiography When The Movies Were Young, Griffith's wife Linda Arvidson sees the film as the first important screen characterization for actor Frank Powell, adding him to the "remarkable trio" at Biograph of actors Frank Powell, James Kirkwood and Henry B. Walthall. Tom Gunning points to the film belonging to a period when a cinema of narrative integration in fact centered on characterization and accordingly developed film technique with that in mind. To accomadate that narrative integration and its movement to a versimilar acting rather than the florid, histrionic gestures of a filmed theater, Griffith would bring the camera into the story. Gunning writes, "Pickford surpasses any other Biograph actress in the mastery of the new versimilar style...Pickford generally employs a slower pace and her guestures appear intended to reveal psychological traits through behavior."
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"THe Copper Beeches" in which actor Georges Trevilles starred as the detective Sherlock Holmes, was directed by Adrian Calliard during 1912.
At the time when David Stuart Davies published his volume Holmes of the movies, the screen career of Sherlock Holmes, "The Copper Beeches" was the earliest Sherlock Holmes adaptation of which there was a surviving copy, the series itself being the first authentic representation of the Holmes character. Davies gathered that the plots were faithful adaptations of Baker Street cannon owing to their titles and the fact that "alledgedly Conan Doyle was personally involved in their production". His filmography of lost silent films includes "The Speckled Band", "The Beryl Coronet' and "Silver Blaze" from 1912 and "The Mystery of Boscome Vale", "The Stolen Papers" and finally, The Musgrave Ritual of which there is an existing copy. Silent Film Silent Film Sherlock Holmes

Silent Film Sherlock Holmes Silent Film

The year 1912 was to mark the first film with Lillian and Dorothy Gish, “An Unseen Enemy” (one reel), directed by D.W. Griffith for the Biograph Film Company. Lillian and Dorothy Gish appeared in a dozen two reel films together during 1912 and several more during 1913. In The Man Who Invented Hollywood, the autobiography of D.W. Griffith, published in 1972, Griffith outlines his arriving at the Biograph Film Company and adding actors, including Mary Pickford,to his ensemble. Griffith recalls, "One day in the early summer of 1909, I was going through the dingy, old hall of the Biograph studio when suddenly the gloom seemed to disappear. The change was caused by the prescence of two young girls sitting side by side and on a hall bench...They were Lillian Gish and Dorothy Gish. Of the two, Lillian shone with an extremely fragile, ethereal beauty...As for Dorothy, she was lovely too, but in another manner- pert, saucy, the old mischief popping out of her." Actress Lilian Gish, in her autobiography, The Movies, Mr. Griffith and Me writes,"Mr. Griffith had rehearsed 'The Unseen Enemy' with other actresses, but after meeting us, he decided we would be suitable for the leads and changed the plot just enough to fit us."

The cinematographer to "An Unseen Enemy" was G.W. Bitzer.
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Lillian and Dorothy Gish Biograph Film Company The Adventures of Dolly: D.W. Griffith for the Biograph Film Company

In addition to using closeups to isolate the actor from their diegetic surroundings and the particular background to the action of the scene, which, while viewing the emotion of the character as seperate in turn embeds, or immerses the character into the diegesis, locking and intertwining them into the word within the frame, D. W. Griffith would establish the relationship between character and environment as well through the use of editing and by varying spatial relationships, notably in the silent film "The Battle of Elderbush Gulch" (two reels) through the use of the longshot and the use of interiors.
The two reel film stars actresses Lillian Gish and Mae Marsh and was photographed by G.W. Bitzer for the Biograph Film Company. Edward Wagenknecht, in his volume The Films of D.W. Griffith writes of a film including a subplot which divides itself, "The Battle of Elderbush Gulch is one of the most complex Biograph films. This is fascilitated by the fact that it is in two reels, although Griffith had previously attempted similarly constructed films with a main narrative supported by subsidiary threads in one reel ABS (eg. Home Folks)....The use of parallel action is put to use here with more effect and extraordinary dexterity than before in part due to the film's elaborate construction."
The cameraman to "The Battle of Elderbush" was G.W. Bitzer. Silent Film
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"The Miller's Daughter", "The Song of the Shirt"(1908) and "A Corner of Wheat", directed by D.W. Griffith for the Biograph Film Company are early films that depicted the individual within a social context. Kay Sloan, in her copyrighted paper "Silent Cinema as Social Criticism, Front Page Movies", writes, "The comedies, melodramas and occaisional westerns about labor conflict, tenement poverty or political corruption reveal through fantasy an America torn with ideological conflict." Pointing out that film companies looked to the contemporay "muckrackers" for story lines, she includes the films "The Suffragete's Revenge" and "The Reform Candidate" as being timely depictions of audience involved in reception, extending that audience to the readers of Upton Sinclair, but later attributes the decline of social drama to the development of the feature film after World War I. She adds to these the film "The Govenor's Boss" which took its storyline from Tammany Hall while modernizing its theme and message, a technique often attempted by D.W. Griffith. Studio advertisements for "A Corner in Wheat" hailed "The Story of Wheat in Symbolism", writing, "This is possibly the most stirring and artistic subject ever produced by Biograph. It starts with an animated portrayal of Millet's masterpiece 'The Sowers'." "A Corner of Wheat" had been adapted by D.W. Griffith and Frank Woods from the novel "The Pit" and the short story "A Deal in Wheat", both written in 1903 by the sometimes controversial author Frank Norris.
Lillian Gish, in her autobiography The Movies, Mr. Griffith and Me, writes, "He also tackled social problems. Mr. Griffith was deeply sympathetic to the sufferings of the poor, to the injustices inflicted upon them and before he marked his first anniversary as a director he had used social problems as the theme of two fine pictures, 'The Song of the Shirt' and 'A Corner in Wheat".
The steady, weekly competition from other studios during 1909 was typical for the release of the Biograph film "In a Corner of Wheat"; from Selig there was "Pine Ridge Fued", from Lubin there was "Romance of the Rocky Coast", from Essany there was "The Heart of a Cowboy", from Vitagraph there was "Two Christmas-Tides" and from Edison Films there was "Fishing Industry in Gloucester, Mass.". The following week Biograph released "A Trap for Santa Claus" while Vitagraph vied for its audience with "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and Selig with "A Modern Dr. Jeckyll". As the competition was weekly, the month before Kalem had released "Dora", a dramatization of the poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson and Vitagraph had offered "Lancelot and Elaine". Silent Film D.W. Griffith Biograph Film Company

One technique used to present narrative by D.W. Griffith, although the principle thematic action was two interior scenes connected by cutting on action, was to introduce the film with an exterior panning shot as the establishing shot. The film is concluded with a similar exterior shot which pans in the opposite direction to imply the story had reached an irrevocable conclusion.
Written and directed by D.W. Griffith for the Biograph Film Company the film stars Gladys Egan, Mary Pickford, Florence Lawrence and Kate Bruce. The film was lensed by G.W. Bitzer.
The periodical The Moving Picture World reviewed the film, "The heart dramas which have come from Biograph studio have been numerous but perhaps none has been stronger, nor has there been one which has made the profound impression which is made by this one. Ordinarily, the gloom which accompanies death seems needless in a picture play, not where a drama great moral truth as this one does, perhaps it should be accepted as indicating the right view of life rather than as amusement."
D.W.Griffith
D.W. Griffith Biograph Film Company

During 1912 D.W. Griffith directed Mary Pickford, Mabel Normand and Maugeritte Marsh in "The Mender of Nets", photographed by . "The Mender of Nets" was the first film in which Mary Pickford had appeared at the studios of the Biograph Film Company. "The Mender of Nets" was photographed by G.W. Bitzer.
Although it seems the director of the lost silent film "Honor Thy Father" in which Mary Pickford starred for the Majestic Motion Picture Company during 1912 with Owen Moore, is unknown, Moore starred with Pickford in several of her films of the period that are now lost, with no surviving copies, the name of their directors also presently unknown. Before 1912 she had previously starred under the direction of Thomas Ince at Independent Motion Picture Company, where she appeared in twenty eight films that are now presumed lost, with no surviving copies existing, and at Majestic Studios, where four out if the five films that she appeared in are presumed to be presently lost. Among the one reel lost silent films that Mary Pickford made in 1910 were "Back to the Soil", "The Fishermaid" (Thomas Ince), "For Her Brother's Sake" and "For the Queen's Honor".
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D.W. Griffith directed his wife, Linda Arvidson, and actress Mary Pickford in "The Unchanging Sea" (one reel) for the Biograph Film Companyduring 1910. Actresses Kate Bruce and Gkadys Egan also appear on screen. The film was adapted from a poem by Charles Kingsley and photographed by G.W. Bitzer. G.W. Bitzer, in his autobiography Billy Bitzer, his own story, relates an account of the Biograph Film Company having arrived in Hollywood during 1910 and its subsequent use of Californian outdoor locations. "On the lot we constructed a large wooden platform and covered the area with white cotton sheets, so that we could adjust the amount of sunlight for the camera." Silent Film D.W. Griffith Biograph Film Company

Motion Picture News explained that Corrinne Griffith would begin filming "Into Her Kingdom", based on a nobel by Ruth Comfort Mitchell, upon the completion of the film "Mllo. Modiste" of which she was then currently on the set.
The photo caption beneath Einar Hanson's photograph Picture Play Magazine read, "Einar Hanson, who, made his debut in Corinne Griffith's Into her Kingdom is romantic adventurous, much more like a Latin than Scandinavian." In the article Two Gentlemen from Sweden, Myrtle Gebhardt relates about having dinner with him, her having at first hoped to interview Lars Hanson and Einar Hanson together in the same room. "For it appeared that Einar was working not for Metro, but for First National...Two evenings later I ringed spaghetti around my fork in a nook of an Italian cafe with Einar Hansen...Prepared for a big, blond man, whose bland face would be overspread with seriousness, I was startled by his breathtaking resemblance to Jack Gilbert. "Ya," he admitted, "Down the street I drive and all the girls call, 'Hello Yack' and I wave to them."

Motion Picture News announced the decision for the directorial assignment to the film with Director or Interpreter, "Svend Gade, the Danish director now making Into Her Kingdom is wondering whether he is engaged as a megaphone weirder or interpreter. In directing Miss Griffith, of course, he uses English; but Einar Hanson receives his instructions in Swedish" Meanwhile it also introduced Griffith's co-star, "Einar Hansen, 'The Swedish Barrymore' has arrived in Hollywood to appear opposite Corinne Griffith in her newest First National starring vehicle, Into Her Kingdom, by Ruth Comfort Mitchell." it had been announced by the magazine during early 1926 that, "Corinne Griffith is already planning to start work the first week of March on Into Her Kingdom though now she is only now finishing Mlle. Moditte, both of which are to be First National releases. It is uncertain whether a viewable copy of "Into Her Kingdom" exists, it has appeared as a lost film among films listed as not surviving made by First National, and it seems omitted on lists of lost silent films as either being missing or as being surviving, but at any rate locating a copy held by a museum which preserve films seems beyond public access.

During 1926, Einar Hanson also starred in the eight reel silent comedy "Her Big Night" (Brown).
There is also every indication that there is no existing copy of the lost silent film "The Lady in Ermine" (seven reels, James Flood) in which Einar Hanson starred with Corinne Griffith during 1927. The photoplay to the film was written by Benjamin Glazer . Two weeks before the film went into production, the periodical Motion Picture News announced that Einar Hanson and Frances X. Bushman has been assigned important roles in the film. The periodical Motion Picture World explained, "While the idea is rather sensational and treads perilously close to the risque in its inferences there are no objectionable scenes and the solution is clever and satisfactory." It neglected mentioning Einar Hansen but noted that Frances X. Bushman had been given a "thankless role". Not incidentally, a print of the film "Three Hours" in which James Flood directed actress Corrine Griffith during 1927 does exist.

Motion Picture Magazine in 1927 published an oval portrait of Einar Hansen with the caption, "In Fashions for Women, Einar is the first man to be directed by Paramount's first woman director. How's that for a record? Incidentally, Einar has become a popular leading man as quickly as anyone that ever invaded Hollywood." The caption to the somber portrait published in Picture Play magazine that year held a more sundry description, "Einar Hansen, the young man from Sweden who looks so like a Latin has fared well during his year in this country. he is now under contract to Paramount and has the lead opposite Esther Ralston in Fashions For Women." The film was the first directed by Dorothy Azner, who had worked uncredited with Fred Niblo on Blood and Sand. Gladys Unger, who a year later worked on the scenario to the film "The Divine Woman" (Victor Seastrom), wrote the screenplay to the film "Fashions for Women". The running length of the film consisted of seven reels. The periodical Exhibitor's Herald explained that it was the first starring vehicle for actress Esther Ralston and the first venture weilding the microphone" for director Dortohy Arzner.
Einar Hanson appeared with Anna Q. Nilsson in the lost silent film "The Masked Woman" (six reels) during 1927. The film is presently presumed to be lost with no known surving copies existing.

Of the film "Children of Divorce", Motion Picture News wrote, "It is a picture which is easy to guess the denoument...Frank Lloyd, the director, has overcome much of the plot shortcomings with his lighting and other technical efforts. he provided some charming settings and gotten every ounce of dramatic flavoring from the story." Joseph Von Sternberg's work on the film is uncredited.

D.W. Griffith wrote and directed the one reel film "Confidence" for the Biograph Film Company during 1909. Photographed by G.W. Bitzer and Authur Marvin, the film features Florence Lawrence along with D.W. Griffith's wife, Linda Arvidson, and Kate Bruce.
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