Shared posts

30 Jun 18:21

Civ 1919: Treaty of Versailles pt4 – Germany

Tom Roche

Justin and (mostly) Dave excellent as usual

The Anglo-Americans blamed the Germans for World War I, and won. Now they would impose terms. But if they sought too high an indemnity, Germany’s economy would collapse and they would never pay. If they helped Germany rebuild, what kind of punishment would that be? In the end, the Allies chose a path that guaranteed … Continue reading "Civ 1919: Treaty of Versailles pt4 – Germany"
30 Jun 18:21

Civ 1919: Treaty of Versailles pt3 – the Balkans

Tom Roche

Justin and (mostly) Dave excellent as usual

The Balkans are where the Great War began; there were two Balkan wars before the Great War and there was a Balkan war in the Great War. In Paris, delegations from the region made their cases, the Great Powers made their dispensations. New countries formed and new borders drawn, which would be changed again in … Continue reading "Civ 1919: Treaty of Versailles pt3 – the Balkans"
03 May 03:48

The News Quiz: Ep 2. Elections (Local and Papal)

Tom Roche

EXCELLENT, consistently quite funny

Andy Zaltzman is joined by Andrew Maxwell, Zing Tsjeng, Jessica Fostekew and Pierre Novellie to unpack the upcoming local elections, the Conclave in the Vatican, Trump's planned UK visit, and Yorkshire Gladiators.

Written by Andy Zaltzman.

With additional material by: Chris Ballard, Cody Dahler, Eve Delaney and Alice Fraser. Producer: Rajiv Karia Executive Producer: Richard Morris Production Coordinator: Jodie Charman Sound Editor: Marc Willcox

A BBC Studios Audio Production for Radio 4.

02 May 22:19

4/30/25: Trump Bullies Bezos, GDP Shrinks, Trump MS13 Photoshop, US Jet Falls Into Sea & MORE!

Tom Roche

Grim and Jashinsky consistently VERY EXCELLENT esp final 2 segments:

+ anonymous Crown Heights woman on the 24 Apr 2025 Haredi-Zionist pogrom (including NYPD protection of Zionist attackers until videos went viral) during Itamar Ben-Gvir's visit to Chabad HQ on Eastern Parkway (Brooklyn)
+ Sierra Leonean author Chernoh Alpha M. Bah on
+++++ 2014 Ebola outbreak as lab leak from US biodefense facility at Kenema (sometimes confused with nearby Kailahun, both in eastern Sierra Leone) Government Hospital
+++++ corruption in US foreign aid (esp in west Africa), including from Agency for International Development (USAID), International Development Finance Corporation (DFC), and Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC)

Ryan and Emily discuss Trump bullies Amazon into major cave, US GDP shrinks amid tariffs, MAGA influencers go full cult in WH event, Trump falls for his own MS13 photoshop, US jet falls off ship dodging Houthi strikes, NYC woman attacked by Zionist mob speaks out, African journo says USAID does more harm than good.

 

Chernoh Bah: https://www.amazon.com/Ebola-Outbreak-West-Africa-Multinationals/dp/0996973923

 

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30 Apr 16:06

On Germany being Awful (feat. Hanno Hauenstein)

by The Späti Boys
Tom Roche

EXCELLENT esp re Germany memory culture Namibia vs Israel

29 Apr 16:55

Exporting Genocide: Gaza Burns as Repression Comes Home, w/ Ali Abunimah

Tom Roche

another VERY EXCELLENT drop from Ali Abunimah (and Rania)

Rania Khalek hosts a special live episode of Dispatches with Ali Abunimah, executive director of The Electronic Intifada and author of The Battle for Justice in Palestine.


They dive into Israel’s genocidal war on Gaza, the global silence enabling it, and why this brutal new phase was always Zionism’s endgame. From U.S.-funded fascism abroad to rising repression at home, nothing is off the table.


28 Apr 18:46

Mark Watson Talks a Bit About Life

Tom Roche

PERFECT

Multi-award winning comedian and author Mark Watson continues his probably doomed, but luckily funny quest to make sense of the human experience.

This series is about time - the days of the week, the stages of our existence - and the way we use it to make sense of things. We make our way through the working week, tonight considering 'hump day' - Wednesday. Wednesday's child, famously, is full of woe. Both Mark and Esther are in this category. Is the woe a real issue or merely a fairy tale? What is the bleakest joke ever told by a four-year-old? And what would Thomas Hardy make of this series?

Expect jokes, observations and interactions galore as Mark is aided, and sometimes obstructed, by the sardonic musical excellence of Flo & Joan. There's also a hand-picked comedy colleague each week - here, we welcome Esther Manito.

Producer: Lianne Coop

An Impatient production for BBC Radio 4

26 Apr 02:23

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Tom Roche

very skippable, the worst sort of IOT: gather fans of {fill in the blank} for an uncritical celebration, don't address even the most obvious problems

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961), who was part of the movement known as phenomenology. While less well-known than his contemporaries Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir, his popularity has increased among philosophers in recent years. Merleau-Ponty rejected Rene Descartes’ division between body and mind, arguing that the way we perceive the world around us cannot be separated from our experience of inhabiting a physical body. Merleau-Ponty was interested in the down-to-earth question of what it is actually like to live in the world. While performing actions as simple as brushing our teeth or patting a dog, we shape the world and, in turn, the world shapes us. With

Komarine Romdenh-Romluc Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Sheffield

Thomas Baldwin Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of York

And

Timothy Mooney Associate Professor of Philosophy at University College, Dublin

Produced by Eliane Glaser

Reading list:

Peter Antich, Motivation and the Primacy of Perception: Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Knowledge (Ohio University Press, 2021)

Dimitris Apostolopoulos, Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Language (Rowman and Littlefield, 2019)

Sarah Bakewell, At the Existentialist Café: Freedom, Being and Apricot Cocktails (Chatto and Windus, 2016)

Thomas Baldwin (ed.), Maurice Merleau-Ponty: Basic Writings (Routledge, 2004)

Thomas Baldwin (ed.), Reading Merleau-Ponty (Routledge, 2007)

Renaud Barbaras (trans. Ted Toadvine and Leonard Lawlor), The Being of the Phenomenon: Merleau-Ponty’s Ontology (Indiana University Press, 2004).

Anya Daly, Merleau-Ponty and the Ethics of Intersubjectivity (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)

M. C. Dillon, Merleau-Ponty’s Ontology (Northwestern University Press, 1998, 2nd ed.)

Maurice Merleau-Ponty (trans. Alden L. Fisher), The Structure of Behavior (first published 1942; Beacon Press, 1976)

Maurice Merleau-Ponty (trans. Donald Landes), Phenomenology of Perception (first published 1945; Routledge, 2011)

Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Sense and Non-Sense (first published 1948; Northwestern University Press, 1964)

Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Signs (first published 1960; Northwestern University Press, 1964)

Maurice Merleau-Ponty, The Visible and the Invisible (first published 1964; Northwestern University Press, 1968)

Maurice Merleau-Ponty (trans. Oliver Davis with an introduction by Thomas Baldwin), The World of Perception (Routledge, 2008)

Ariane Mildenberg (ed.), Understanding Merleau-Ponty, Understanding Modernism (Bloomsbury, 2019)

Timothy Mooney, Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Perception: On the Body Informed (Cambridge University Press, 2023)

Katherine J. Morris, Starting with Merleau-Ponty (Continuum, 2012)

Komarine Romdenh-Romluc, Merleau-Ponty and Phenomenology of Perception (Routledge, 2011)

Komarine Romdenh-Romluc, The Routledge Guidebook to Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Perception (Routledge, 2011)

Jean-Paul Sartre (trans. Benita Eisler), Situations (Hamish Hamilton, 1965)

Hilary Spurling, The Girl from the Fiction Department (Penguin, 2003)

Jon Stewart (ed.), The Debate Between Sartre and Merleau-Ponty (Northwestern University Press, 1998)

Ted Toadvine, Merleau-Ponty’s Philosophy of Nature (Northwestern University Press, 2009)

Kerry Whiteside, Merleau-Ponty and the Foundation of an Existential Politics (Princeton University Press, 1988)

Iris Marion Young, On Female Body Experience: “Throwing Like a Girl” and Other Essays (Oxford University Press, 2005)

In Our Time is a BBC Studios Audio Production

26 Apr 00:15

The News Quiz: Ep 1. Space, Steel and Strikes

Tom Roche

NQ returns with another EXCELLENT outing esp from Steel and Kugblenu

Andy Zaltzman is joined by Zoe Lyons, Mark Steel, Athena Kugblenu and Hugo Rifkind to unpack bin workers strikes in Birmingham, pop stars popping to the stars, talks of tariffs, steeling oneself in Scunthorpe, and how Toby took his carvery one step too far.

Written by Andy Zaltzman.

With additional material by: Mike Shephard, Christina Riggs, Eve Delaney and Ben Pope. Producer: Rajiv Karia Executive Producer: Pete Strauss Production Coordinator: Jodie Charman Production Coordinator: Beanna Olding Sound Editor: Marc Willcox

A BBC Studios Audio Production for Radio 4

26 Apr 00:13

News - Kashmir Attack, US Airstrikes in Yemen, Ukraine-Russia Peace Talks Falter

Tom Roche

Bessner and (mostly) Davison deliver another EXCELLENT week-in-review (minus the pre- and inter-audio ads)

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Derek makes his grand return to the AP newsroom! This week: Pope Francis dies (0:30); India sees the worst attack on civilians in Kashmir in years, prompting fallout on India-Pakistan relations (6:35); the US carries out its deadliest airstrike on Yemen to date (14:39); Qatar and Egypt propose a new ceasefire plan for Gaza (18:07); the US and Iran see progress in their nuclear talks, but the Trump administration continues to demand zero enrichment (21:27); Trump has once again changed course on tariffs (26:28); in Sudan, the RSF closes in on Al-Fashir (29:46); it is unclear whether peace talks for the DRC-M23 conflict are making progress (32:30); Russia’s operation in Kursk nears its end (35:10); Vladimir Putin offers to halt the war at the current front line, but this and Trump’s peace proposal meet resistance from Zelensky (36:33); the US State Department releases a reorganization plan (45:13); and more leaks and discord are apparent at the US Department of Defense under Pete Hegseth (48:01).

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26 Apr 00:12

News - Sudan Rival Government, US Pushing Ukraine-Russia Deal, US-Saudi Nuclear Tech Talks

Tom Roche

another excellent (but Derek-less) global-week-in-review (minus the pre- and inter-audio ads)

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One last news roundup without Derek, but Danny and Alex Jordan of the Quincy Institute are on the case!


This week: the RSF announces plans to form a parallel government in Sudan (1:33); US-Iran nuclear negotiations continue in Oman (7:21); the US and Saudi Arabia discuss giving the Kingdom access to nuclear technology (14:19); the Trump trade war continues despite him dialing back certain tariffs (18:40); Xi Jinping tours Southeast Asia (22:44); President Nayib Bukele of El Salvador visits the White House amid the controversy of Kilmar Ábrego García’s deportation (27:15); ICE is ramping up the arrest of pro-Palestine voices in the US (31:14); center-right candidate Daniel Noboa wins the presidential election in Ecuador (32:56); American envoy Steve Witkoff says a peace deal between Ukraine and Russia is imminent (34:36) and President Vladimir Zelenskyy appears on 60 Minutes (40:42); and the Israeli government announces that it will escalate its attack on Gaza (43:13). 


Danny then speaks with Afeef Nessouli, a volunteer currently in Gaza working with Glia, a medical organization that “empowers low-resource ​communities to build sustainable, locally-driven healthcare projects.”


Please consider donating to Glia to help Afeef and Palestinians doing medical work in Gaza. Afeef also works with Shabab Gaza, a local project that provides food for victims of the genocide. You can donate if you DM them @shababgaza1 on Instagram.


If you’d like to follow Afeef please check out his Instagram handle @afeefness, where he’s been sharing his experiences in Gaza.


And catch Alex Jordan on X/Twitter @alexjordanatl and on the Quincy Institute’s upcoming YouTube program “Always at War," which he will co-host with Courtney Rawlings.

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24 Apr 16:30

Democracy Now! 2025-04-23 Wednesday

Tom Roche

(mostly) excellent

Democracy Now! 2025-04-23 Wednesday

  • Headlines for April 23, 2025
  • "America, América": Greg Grandin on Latin American History, from Colonization to CECOT to Pope Francis

Download this show

23 Apr 01:34

Only Mr. God Knows 2025 ep.1 Pre-Game Analysis

by The Späti Boys
Tom Roche

as advertised, Ciarán previews /all/ the songs and, despite his brevity, the episode runtime ~= 115 min. So--only for the heads.

22 Apr 17:29

Behind the News: Race and Neoliberalism w/ Quinn Slobodian

Tom Roche

Quinn Slobodian EXCELLENT as usual, this time on what Slobodian calls "2nd-generation neoliberalism" (c1970-c2000, i.e., post Mont Pèlerin Society (1GN, begun 1947) but pre alt-right=3GN). Note that Slobodian uses the terms "liberalism" and "neoliberalism" in the {academic, economic-focused, non-US} sense, though economics inevitably (certainly for us Marxists :-) drives society and social discourse.

Fortunately, this huge subject is covered on a single-focus (as opposed to the "usual 2 segments") episode of [/Behind the News/](https://www.leftbusinessobserver.com/Radio.html). The ep's organizing principle is "the 3 hards" of 2GN:

- (allegedly) hardwired human behaviors and (much less well-documented) ability-hierarchies, esp IQ-ethnicity
- hard borders, vs the globalist tendencies of the MPSistas
- hard money, esp gold, vs the fiat-money acceptance of (1GN betes noire) Bretton Woods and the (totally insane) "crypto bros" of 3GN

Quinn Slobodian, author of Hayek’s Bastards, talks about the IQ- and race-obsessed goldbugs of second generation neoliberalism.

Behind the News, hosted by Doug Henwood, covers the worlds of economics and politics and their complex interactions, from the local to the global. Find the archive online: https://www.leftbusinessobserver.com/radio.html

22 Apr 17:29

Fresh audio product: the lesser, meaner generation of neolibs

by Doug Henwood
Tom Roche

Quinn Slobodian EXCELLENT as usual, this time on what Slobodian calls "2nd-generation neoliberalism" (c1970-c2000, i.e., post Mont Pèlerin Society (1GN, begun 1947) but pre alt-right=3GN). Note that Slobodian uses the terms "liberalism" and "neoliberalism" in the {academic, economic-focused, non-US} sense, though economics inevitably (certainly for us Marxists :-) drives society and social discourse.

Fortunately, this huge subject is covered on a single-focus (as opposed to the "usual 2 segments") episode of [/Behind the News/](https://www.leftbusinessobserver.com/Radio.html). The ep's organizing principle is "the 3 hards" of 2GN:

- (allegedly) hardwired human behaviors and (much less well-documented) ability-hierarchies, esp IQ-ethnicity
- hard borders, vs the globalist tendencies of the MPSistas
- hard money, esp gold, vs the fiat-money acceptance of (1GN betes noire) Bretton Woods and the (totally insane) "crypto bros" of 3GN

Just added to my radio archive (click on date for link):

April 17, 2025 Quinn Slobodian, author of Hayek’s Bastardstalks about the IQ- and race-obsessed goldbugs of second generation neoliberalism

22 Apr 02:15

The Skewer

Tom Roche

another EXCELLENT (just too short--only 15 min) Skewer from the always-reliable Jon Holmes

Jon Holmes remixes the news into a current affairs comedy concept album. News meets popular culture in a multi-award-winning mash up. This week: Charlie XCX is bumpin' that with Donald Trump, Minecraft Movie vs Russia, and Starmer: Man of Steel.

Producer: Jon Holmes An unusual production for BBC Radio 4

21 Apr 04:05

Trump's nuclear trade war targets China - but will blow back on USA

Tom Roche

EXCELLENT

Donald Trump's trade war went nuclear, hitting China with 145% tariffs, aimed at economic decoupling. This is already backfiring on the US economy, which is heavily reliant on Chinese imports. The volatility also fueled a crisis in the bond market, with Treasury yields rising. Ben Norton explains. VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9k7132Iyeo Trump advisor reveals tariff strategy - Force countries to pay tribute to maintain US empire: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnajhDMAWVA Topics 0:00 Economic war 0:51 Tariffs of 145% on China 1:56 China defends itself 2:41 Decoupling 3:49 (CLIP) Howard Lutnick attacks China 4:14 Scott Bessent on China 4:48 US trade with China 7:05 USA will lose trade war 8:02 China's manufacturing dominance 9:47 China's trade 10:33 High risk 11:35 Trump's arrogance 12:06 (CLIP) Trump: countries are "kissing my ass" 12:18 Mafia behavior 13:02 US empire demands tribute 13:35 (CLIP) Stephen Miran: US demands tribute 13:59 Threatening the world 15:55 China stands up 16:34 Trump admin's China hawks 17:47 (CLIP) Marco Rubio on new cold war 18:30 Biden admin targeted China too 20:01 US bond market shock 21:39 Treasury note yields 25:01 Interest payments on US national debt 26:05 Hedge fund margin calls 28:35 Trump's billionaires 28:53 Elon Musk 29:42 Bill Ackman 29:59 Jamie Dimon 30:35 Market manipulation? 32:21 Trump meme coins 32:58 Outro
20 Apr 18:37

E204 - Mobility in America’s Past, Present, and Future w/ Yoni Appelbaum

Tom Roche

VERY EXCELLENT, despite the guest's attempt to do what you'd assume an Atlantic editor would do (i.e., ["abundance"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundance_(Klein_and_Thompson_book)) shitlib-ery)

Yoni Appelbaum, a deputy executive editor at The Atlantic, joins the program to talk about his book Stuck: How the Privileged and the Propertied Broke the Engine of American Opportunity. They discuss mobility in the US and how that might sacrifice community for opportunity, the “frontier” as a way of taking land and easing class antagonism, the birth of American zoning from anti-Chinese practices in 19th century California, the move toward the single-family home and it being a symbol of the American identity, how we can make homes accessible once more for working Americans, and more. 


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19 Apr 16:28

Irreal: The Zen Of Task Management

by Irreal

Bastien Guerry has a longish post on how he uses Org mode for task management. If you’ve been around Org mode for any amount of time, Guerry will be familiar to you. He took over the maintainership of Org mode when Carsten Dominick decided he needed to get back to Astronomy, which is, after all, his profession. Since then, Guerry has stepped in when Org needed him and has continued to be a presence in the project.

His years of working on Org mode internals have given him a first rate understanding of how Org works and the best way to use it. Therefore his post on how he uses Org to manage his tasks is must reading for all Org users. Guerry will be the first to tell you that his system may not be what you need but his reasoning for why he made the choices he did is instructive for us all.

I don’t really use Org to manage my tasks to the extent that Guerry does. For me, my agenda is more of a display of my daily log although some tasks do find their way into my agenda. Regardless, I found his discussion of his organization of tags to be very helpful.

No matter how you use Org mode, you should take a look at Guerry’s post. He has a lot of good ideas that you may find useful.

19 Apr 01:12

Radio War Nerd EP 514 — The Original Fascismo, feat. Annibale

by mail@yashalevine.com (Gary Brecher)
Tom Roche

another EXCELLENT outing from Annibale--though (even with runtime=111 min) this episode is too short to well-cover even the origins of Italian Fascism, and doesn't much try to cover anything after c1936

Co-hosts John Dolan & Mark Ames
19 Apr 01:04

The Naked Week: Ep6. Tariffs, Theme Parks, and Twister.

Tom Roche

NWS2 ends unbeaten: all 6 consistently amusing (just like series 1)

The Naked Week team are back to place satirical news-tariffs on current events with a mix of correspondents, guests and, occasionally, live animals.

This week we mourn the death of globalisation, take a tour of Keir's new theme park, and play a game of BBC Balance Local Elections Naked Week Joke Twister.

From The Skewer’s Jon Holmes and host Andrew Hunter Murray comes The Naked Week, a fresh way of dressing the week’s news in the altogether and parading it around for everyone to laugh at.

With award-winning writers and a crack team of contemporary satirists - and recorded in front of a live audience - The Naked Week delivers a topical news-nude straight to your ears.

Written by: Jon Holmes Katie Sayer Gareth Ceredig Sarah Dempster Jason Hazeley.

Investigations Team: Cat Neilan Louis Mian Freya Shaw Matt Brown

Guests: Freya Parker and Alicia Fitzgerald.

Production Team: Laura Grimshaw, Tony Churnside, Jerry Peal, Katie Sayer, Phoebe Butler.

Executive Producer: Philip Abrams Produced and Directed by Jon Holmes

An unusual production for BBC Radio 4

19 Apr 01:04

The Naked Week: Ep5. Tariffic Trump retaliation, and Woop Woop - it's the sound of the Thought Police.

Tom Roche

amusing as usual

The Naked Week team are back to place satirical news-tariffs on current events with a mix of correspondents, guests and, occasionally, live animals.

This week we 'woop woop' at the sound of the Thought Police, enjoy a spot of 'tariffic' retaliation, and bang a gong for the local elections.

From The Skewer’s Jon Holmes and host Andrew Hunter Murray comes The Naked Week, a fresh way of dressing the week’s news in the altogether and parading it around for everyone to laugh at.

With award-winning writers and a crack team of contemporary satirists - and recorded in front of a live audience - The Naked Week delivers a topical news-nude straight to your ears.

Written by: Jon Holmes Katie Sayer Gareth Ceredig Sarah Dempster Jason Hazeley.

wth additional material.

Investigations Team: Cat Neilan Louis Mian Freya Shaw Matt Brown

Guests: Larry Budd, and Felicity Hannah out of off of Radio 4's Moneybox Live.

Production Team: Laura Grimshaw, Tony Churnside, Jerry Peal, Katie Sayer, Phoebe Butler.

Executive Producer: Philip Abrams Produced and Directed by Jon Holmes

An unusual production for BBC Radio 4.

19 Apr 00:56

Tax Revolt: The Man Who Started the War on Taxes

Tom Roche

VERY EXCELLENT successor to [/Master Plan/](https://www.levernews.com/masterplan/): [/Tax Revolt/](https://the.levernews.com/tax-revolt/) part 1 of 4 focuses on California roots of modern US antitax policies c1966-c1986

In the 1970s, an eccentric anti-tax crusader launched a radical campaign to dismantle California’s tax system — a movement that still defines American politics today.

This is Part 1 of Tax Revolt, a new mini-series from Lever Time revealing how free-market radicals hijacked American politics and set the stage for Elon Musk, DOGE and Donald Trump’s presidency.

Want more? Become a paid subscriber to get ad-free episodes and exclusive bonus content — and support independent journalism: levernews.com/subscribe

Plus, read a bonus companion article about the anti-tax zealot behind Proposition 13, written by producer Ariella Markowitz. 

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18 Apr 20:48

#614 - Record of a Tenement Gentleman

Tom Roche

another EXCELLENT M&U, politics and aesthetics

Made in the rubble of postwar Japan, RECORD OF A TENEMENT GENTLEMAN (1947) finds Yasujirō Ozu exploring his familiar preoccupations of family and modernity through a different kind of setting. PLUS: Is the Canadian election a done deal? Join us on Patreon for an extra episode every week - https://www.patreon.com/michaelandus
17 Apr 17:05

Everyday Superpowers: Preventing painful coupling

Tom Roche

actually the /3rd/ article in series on event-driven architecture (author calls /event sourcing/), archived [here](http://web.archive.org/web/20250417170516/https://everydaysuperpowers.dev/articles/preventing-painful-coupling/)

This is the second entry in a five-part series about event sourcing:

  1. Why I Finally Embraced Event Sourcing—And Why You Should Too
  2. What is event sourcing and why you should care
  3. Preventing painful coupling (this page)
  4. Event-driven microservice in a monolith
  5. Get started with event sourcing today

In the first article, I introduced this series with the spark that made me so happy to finally try event sourcing.

In the last article, I showed you what event sourcing is.

In this article, I will show you how and why I’ve completely changed the way I code.

Editing software is hard

Have you ever worked on a project where adding a simple feature felt like defusing a bomb—one wrong move, and the whole system might break? You’re not alone. In 1979, the industry was reeling from how hard it was to modify software.

I came across an article from the Association for Computing Machinery 1979 that talked about a crisis in the software community: how expensive it was to modify existing software:

quote
Another component of the software crises is less commonly recognized, but, in fact, is often more costly… namely, the extreme difficulty encountered in attempting to modify an existing program… The cost of such evolution is almost never measured, but, in at least one case, it exceeded the original development cost by a factor of 100.
attribution
Terry Winograd, Beyond Programming Languages, Communications of the ACM, July 1979 Volume 22 Number 7

Could you imagine asking a team of developers to adjust a program and having to pay 100x what you paid them to write it in the first place?

I’ve been on projects where I can start to see how this happened, but it’s crazy this is where our industry came from.

This was untenable, and many smart people discussed how to improve software writing. A lot of progress was made in the 1980s and 1990s.

One of the main discoveries was that unwanted coupling made software more complex and more challenging to refactor. This was reflected in several pieces of the time, including Martin Fowler’s curation of refactoring methods in his seminal book published in 1999 and Robert Martin's curation of the SOLID principles in the early 2000s.

Despite these discoveries, the challenges of modifying software haven’t disappeared. Instead, they’ve taken on new forms, often exacerbated by the industry's rapid growth.

In the 2000s, the number of developers grew explosively, and the percentage of people who knew how to teach these concepts became a tiny percentage of the population. As a result, most developers have only heard of these techniques and patterns, like SOLID, but few truly understand or practice them[oops]{For example, I've noted a trend of programing resumes announcing they are skilled in OOPS.}.

Most developers are not familiar with or practiced in controlling complexity or refactoring to reduce unwanted coupling.

A real example

I imagine the 100x penalty for adding features to projects is a thing of the past, but I know of a project that was in trouble in a similar way.

This team struggled with slow development cycles because every feature required each developer to make changes across multiple layers, including database schema, API, UI state, and frontend components. Merge conflicts were constant, and progress slowed to a crawl. In this case, they ultimately found success by reducing complexity and shifting their React front end to HTMX.

But switching frameworks isn’t always an option. A deeper change is needed: a way to structure software that naturally reduces coupling.

One solution is to continue to educate people about refactoring, software patterns, and good habits—and define times to practice these new skills. I've been impressed with Emily Bache’s Samman Technical Coaching Society approach, which truly gives developers the space to learn and practice these skills on their codebase as a team.

I believe the Samman Society and other like-minded technical coaches are making an impact in the industry. But they can only work with so many teams. What if we could fundamentally change how we structure our applications to reduce this complexity at its source?

In the last few months, I’ve been convinced that there’s another option: changing how we write apps to reduce coupling.

What is coupling?

The excellent book Cosmic Python (aka Architecture Patterns in Python) explains coupling in this way:

quote
In a large-scale system, we become constrained by the decisions made elsewhere in the system. When we’re unable to change component A for fear of breaking component B, we say that the components have become coupled. Locally, coupling is a good thing: it’s a sign that our code is working together, each component supporting the others, all of them fitting in place like the gears of a watch. In jargon, we say this works when there is high _cohesion_ between the coupled elements. Globally, coupling is a nuisance: it increases the risk and the cost of changing our code, sometimes to the point where we feel unable to make any changes at all. This is the problem with the Ball of Mud pattern: as the application grows, if we’re unable to prevent coupling between elements that have no cohesion, that coupling increases superlinearly until we are no longer able to effectively change our systems.
attribution
Cosmic Python

Unwanted coupling is easy to accidentally introduce into your application. Most of the time, we couple things together because it seems like a good idea at the time. We don’t know if it’s unwanted until some time in the future.

One way to tell if your code has unwanted coupling is to test it. If the test case is easy to make, you probably have an healthy level of coupling. Testing is the canary in the coal mine for coupling.

Before I understood how to deal with coupling, I watched it take over on one project, where a function grew day after day, as we added new features to it, trying to meet a deadline. It started out processing some data. Then, we needed to add a feature to notify people when it finished. That was followed by some additional processing requirements and API calls to augment data. We also decided to add code to notify us if something failed in some of these steps.

What started out as a relatively simple function turned into over 100 lines of code with several different workflows braided together. I could tell something was off by the number of parameters we had and how hard it was to test, but I had no idea how to unwind it.

How to reduce coupling

So how do we reduce unwanted coupling? I mentioned above that one way is to learn how to make great software, how to refactor it, and practice it many times outside of normal project work.

In the last year, I’ve come across articles, podcasts and videos that has convinced me to change the way I work to help keep coupling low.

There are three key practices work together to keep complexity under control while enabling flexible and scalable solutions: event modeling, vertical slice architecture, and event sourcing.

Let’s look at these one at a time.

Event modeling

Event modeling is a documentation method that shows how data flows through a system and the domain constraints in play.

It might seem weird to start off with a documentation method, but by starting with getting the developers on the same page as the business stakeholders, you eliminate many surprises, and get a few more benefits.

Event modeling grew from event storming, a documentation workshop technique that extracts complex business domains from stakeholders and transforms them into domain-driven design concepts that developers can use.

As a user of event storming, Adam Dymitruk noticed that business stakeholders were left behind During event storming sessions once the conversation became more about bounded contexts and other technical implementation details.

After many iterations, he unveiled event modeling in 2020. It’s a documentation method that removes much of the implementation detail. Instead, it highlights the most important thing: data, and how it enters, gets used by, and exits the system, as well as domain rules that affect it, all in a simple visual language with four patterns to master.

Additionally, the application’s lifecycle is segmented into individual slices representing one process step. Each slice maps to a slice in the vertical slice architecture that we’ll discuss below.

Below is an example event modeling diagram showing part of the lifecycle of a shopping cart application. The blue boxes are commands. They represent an intent to change the state of the system. This is where domain rules are enforced, and a command either generates an event or an exception.

An event modeling diagram that shows a vertical slice called

By creating an event, this changes the state of the system. Other slices listen to events and populate views (the green boxes). These can be caches, database tables, CSV files, or anything that formats data in a way that will be consumed.

Having done a couple event modeling diagrams, what I like about them are:

  • Being able to understand the domain more as the diagram comes together
  • Uncovering needs early in an project, instead of late in the process when you’re implementing the feature under time pressure.
  • Making it easier for everyone—developers and stakeholders—to stay aligned

Vertical slice architecture

I’ve been conditioned by the majority of my projects and more senior teammates to expect the projects I work on to be organized with similar code together. The views, services, and models would be grouped by type and placed into a folder bearing its name.

Contrasting this practice, vertical slice architecture organized code by feature. For example, if we’re working on a shopping cart application. A vertically-sliced project would have folders with names like `add_item`, `checkout`, `remove_item`, and `list_items`.

In each of these folders, you would find the UI, data access code, and business logic related to those features.

I’ve found this to be a great way to work. Instead of hunting around the project or tracing through the code from the endpoint down into every layer that gets called, I can just open the folder for the feature and have a very good idea what file to open.

Adam Dymitruk’s group has seen great productivity increases from adopting vertical slice architecture. He’s mentioned having ten developers working independently on slices and not having a single merge conflict.

When all the code for a feature is in one folder, suddenly adding a feature to a “normal” project feels like performing shotgun surgery.

I like a lot about object-oriented programming, especially with an imperative shell and a functional core. With well-designed OOP software, you can trust that by editing one part of the code, you won’t introduce a bug in another part. It seems I’ve never worked on well-designed OOP code—or I’m just that good at finding the weak spots of our designs.

Putting it all together with event sourcing

With an event modeling diagram and the direction to implement a specific vertical slice, a developer can concentrate on what data is entering their slice (whether from the user, an external provider, a read model, or by subscribing to events), handle the business case, and then publish the events expected from their slice or populate a database table as needed.

A event-sourced project with vertical slice architecture, each slice is isolated from the other, communicating through predefined events and views. It’s a really cool pattern.

Caveat

It's important to note that you could reduce coupling without event sourcing. Communicating well with event modeling diagrams and an even-driven, vertically sliced architecture, you can have similar gains.

The three practices together have proved powerful for me. In the next article, I’ll show you more detail how, while also having the benefits of an event-driven microservice and a monolith.


Read more...
14 Apr 19:37

Tariffs are part of Trump's big plan to save US dollar dominance. Will it work?

Tom Roche

Ben Norton VERY EXCELLENT (as usual) on why the Trumpist plan to save USD hegemony via trade war is not only self-contradictory, but will accelerate (relative) US economic decline and (absolute) geopolitical power

US President Donald Trump wants to use tariffs as part of a plan to save the dominance of the dollar as the global reserve currency. His top economic advisor Stephen Miran outlined the Trump administration's strategy to force other countries to pay the USA to maintain its imperial financial and military order. Ben Norton explains the idea behind the hypothetical "Mar-a-Lago Accord". VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnajhDMAWVA Topics 0:00 Trump's top economic advisor 0:42 Trump wants to save dollar hegemony 1:04 (CLIP) Trump on US dollar 1:21 Dedollarization 2:01 BRICS 2:46 (CLIP) Trump threatens BRICS 3:15 Tariffs 3:50 Bretton Woods system 4:38 Keynes' Bancor proposal 5:07 US exorbitant privilege 5:39 Nixon shock, gold standard, petrodollar 6:43 Financialization 7:35 Billionaires 8:01 Deindustrialization 8:10 Current account deficit 8:33 Trump advisor Stephen Miran 9:17 Overvaluation of US dollar 10:30 Stephen Miran's plan 11:16 Mar-a-Lago Accord 12:59 Economic nuclear war 14:07 Trump admin's goals 15:20 Paying for US empire 17:30 Trump admin's 5 demands 20:25 (CLIP) Sharing costs of US empire 21:13 China 21:32 (CLIP) Decoupling from China 21:55 Hudson Institute 23:58 US financial crisis of 2008 25:42 Manufacturing 26:02 Trump hits China with 104% tariffs 27:23 Economic game of chicken 27:50 Can USA win trade war? 30:04 (CLIP) Miran: US has leverage over China 30:59 China vows "to fight to the end" 32:00 US economic dependence on China 33:00 Chinese exports 34:01 China's top export destinations 34:36 ASEAN is China's top trading partner 35:16 Indonesia 36:08 China is world's top trading partner 36:54 China's trade with Russia 38:34 Can USA reindustrialize? 38:52 (CLIP) "We can make stuff at home" 39:09 Reindustrialization is very difficult 41:40 Trade war will hurt Americans 42:17 Moving taxes from rich to poor 43:15 Do other countries pay US tariffs? 43:34 Dollar falls 44:38 Yield on US Treasury securities 46:10 Mortgage rate spread 46:42 Credit card interest rate 47:14 Interest payments on US national debt 48:37 Backlash on US economy 49:51 Danger of blowback 50:31 Plaza Accord revisited 51:16 Changes in global economy 52:50 China learned from Japan crisis 54:33 Imperial hubris 55:12 Vietnam in a multipolar world 58:07 Outro
14 Apr 19:23

Mr. Hooters (feat. Olly Haynes)

by The Späti Boys
Tom Roche

0:31 teaser only

14 Apr 17:18

Bonus - South Africa: Land Policies, Musk, and a Crumbling Coalition w/ Ben Fogel

Tom Roche

10:01 teaser only

Subscribe now for the full episode!


Danny and Derek welcome back to the program Ben Fogel, head of publishing at the Alameda Institute and contributing editor at Jacobin, to chat about South Africa. They get into the struggling coalition government, the stories of “white genocide” stemming from eminent domain policies, Musk and how South Africa helped make him the man he is today, the roles of neoliberal and racialized ideologies there, and more.

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14 Apr 17:15

Unlocked: The Sino-Soviet Split Primer w/ Jeremy Friedman

Tom Roche

EXCELLENT (and no ads)

In anticipation for our two-part conversation on the Sino-Soviet split, we're reposting the episode we did laying the groundwork.


Danny and Derek welcome Jeremy Friedman, Marvin Bower associate professor at Harvard Business School, for a discussion about the Sino-Soviet split. They talk about the early days of the revolutionary states’ relationship, the differences in their ideologies, the external forces shaping each nation’s trajectory, the heyday of their cooperation, and the beginning of the fissure in the mid-1950s.


Grab a copy of Jeremy’s great book Shadow Cold War: The Sino-Soviet Competition for the Third World!

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12 Apr 17:38

Bad Hasbara 97: Down With The Glickness, with Brace Belden

Tom Roche

BH+TA=reliable hilariity

Matt and Daniel are joined by returning champion Brace Belden (TrueAnon) to examine Betar’s one-time figurehead - the oddly shaped Ross Glick - as well as Brace’s aversion to the Ivy League and whether Tarantino’s Bear Jew presupposes the existence of twink and otter Jews.


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