hossein googoonani
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Precious stones and minerals have long been of special importance among the various ethnic groups of human society
The larger the size of the turquoise stone and the smoother its surface, the higher its price
The name of this stone is derived from the French word “Turquoise” meaning Turkish stone
Suitable and Unsuitable Uses of Sandstone
It can be used in paving outdoor spaces and facades and interior and exterior walls of buildings
What is Ammonia?
Ammonia, directly or indirectly, is one of ingredients in many pharmaceutical products and is used in many commercial cleaning products
Applications of Ammonia
Ammonia is used in the preparation of chemical fertilizers, ice making, nitric acid, other nitrogenous compounds, explosives and food storage
History of Ammonia
Ammonia is one of the largest synthetic products first obtained by Priestley in 1773 from heating chlorine and ammonium with lime
Ammonia production in the Middle East
The Middle East is one of the most important ammonia production hubs in the world due to its reasonable gas price and also benefiting from its strategic position
What is chlorine?
Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas and one of the most widely used halogens, its most important properties are high oxidizing power
Applications of chlorine
Chlorine is an important chemical element in water treatment, germicide, pesticides, disinfectants in bleach and mustard gas
Solid Liquid and Gas Chlorine
Chlorine is available in the Middle East market in three forms: solid, liquid and gas
Chlorine production in the Middle East
Chlorine is produced by electrolysis of brine containing sodium chloride
What is Ethylene?
Ethylene can be used in the industries of polymerization, synthetic fibers, softening, solvents, antifreeze and alcohol
History of Ethylene
The first synthesis of ethylene gas compounds (dichlor and ethane) was performed in 1795 by a Dutch chemist
Ethylene production in the Middle East
Total production of 22% of the world's ethylene is carried out in the Middle East
What is Nitrogen?
Nitrogen is the most abundant element in the Earth's atmosphere in terms of volume and is obtained for industrial purposes by distilling liquid air
When and where was nitrogen discovered?
Medieval chemists performed several experiments with nitrogen compounds
In what cases is nitrogen used?
The most important economic use of nitrogen is to make ammonia through the Haber process
How is the market status of the nitrogen in the Middle East?
Nitrogen production in the Middle East is done with the valid certificates of international companies
What is Oxygen Gas?
The element oxygen can be introduced as the most abundant element in the Earth's crust
What are the uses of oxygen gas?
Oxygen is used in the production of steel, plastics, fabrics, steel oxygen cutting, rocket propulsion, oxygen therapy